Table A5.
DD regressions of additional employment variables.
| Explanatory variables | Dependent variables |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Having job with long-term contract (yes = 1, no = 0) | Working for firms and organizations (yes = 1, no = 0) | Having a secondary job (yes = 1, no = 0) | Log of number of working hours of the main job (last 7 days) | Log of monthly wages of the main job | Log of hourly wages of the main job | Log of hourly wages of all jobs | |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | |
| Quarter 2 * COVID year | −0.0099*** | −0.0077*** | 0.0050** | 0.0031 | −0.1098*** | −0.1237*** | −0.1192*** |
| (0.0015) | (0.0015) | (0.0020) | (0.0205) | (0.0031) | (0.0218) | (0.0223) | |
| Quarter 3 * COVID year | −0.0156*** | −0.0117*** | 0.0025 | 0.0392* | −0.0714*** | −0.1175*** | −0.1091*** |
| (0.0017) | (0.0015) | (0.0022) | (0.0205) | (0.0025) | (0.0216) | (0.0222) | |
| Quarter 4 * COVID year | −0.0109*** | −0.0099*** | −0.0258*** | 0.0400* | −0.0824*** | −0.1287*** | −0.1247*** |
| (0.0012) | (0.0012) | (0.0026) | (0.0211) | (0.0036) | (0.0221) | (0.0227) | |
| Quarter 1 | Reference | ||||||
| Quarter 2 | 0.0019*** | 0.0034*** | −0.0031 | 0.0518** | −0.0220*** | −0.0539** | −0.0549** |
| (0.0006) | (0.0008) | (0.0024) | (0.0206) | (0.0041) | (0.0217) | (0.0223) | |
| Quarter 3 | 0.0015** | 0.0032*** | −0.0041 | 0.0610*** | −0.0017 | −0.0613*** | −0.0635*** |
| (0.0006) | (0.0006) | (0.0025) | (0.0206) | (0.0042) | (0.0218) | (0.0224) | |
| Quarter4 | 0.0079*** | 0.0099*** | −0.0070** | 0.0804*** | 0.0030 | −0.0882*** | −0.0904*** |
| (0.0007) | (0.0007) | (0.0027) | (0.0212) | (0.0051) | (0.0224) | (0.0231) | |
| COVID year | 0.0258*** | 0.0304*** | −0.0232*** | −0.0510** | 0.2833*** | 0.3222*** | 0.3212*** |
| (0.0038) | (0.0035) | (0.0035) | (0.0183) | (0.0058) | (0.0213) | (0.0215) | |
| Male (male = 1, female = 0) | −0.0284*** | −0.0241*** | 0.0055 | 0.0655*** | 0.1776*** | 0.1472*** | 0.1467*** |
| (0.0036) | (0.0038) | (0.0035) | (0.0031) | (0.0050) | (0.0048) | (0.0048) | |
| Age | 0.0034*** | −0.0005 | 0.0135*** | 0.0274*** | 0.0572*** | 0.0512*** | 0.0520*** |
| (0.0005) | (0.0006) | (0.0006) | (0.0011) | (0.0014) | (0.0013) | (0.0012) | |
| Age squared | −0.0001*** | −0.0001*** | −0.0001*** | −0.0004*** | −0.0007*** | −0.0006*** | −0.0006*** |
| (0.0000) | (0.0000) | (0.0000) | (0.0000) | (0.0000) | (0.0000) | (0.0000) | |
| Less than primary education | Reference | ||||||
| Primary education | −0.0966** | −0.0985** | 0.0165*** | 0.0216*** | −0.0499 | −0.1024* | −0.1002* |
| (0.0364) | (0.0365) | (0.0026) | (0.0044) | (0.0430) | (0.0503) | (0.0500) | |
| Lower-secondary education | −0.0720* | −0.0714* | 0.0171*** | 0.0288*** | −0.0025 | −0.0647 | −0.0635 |
| (0.0408) | (0.0407) | (0.0030) | (0.0048) | (0.0462) | (0.0547) | (0.0542) | |
| Upper-secondary education | 0.0813* | 0.0917* | −0.0140*** | 0.0385*** | 0.0657 | 0.0325 | 0.0304 |
| (0.0446) | (0.0445) | (0.0031) | (0.0054) | (0.0489) | (0.0581) | (0.0577) | |
| Post-secondary education | 0.4419*** | 0.4552*** | −0.0251*** | −0.0275*** | 0.3259*** | 0.3830*** | 0.3789*** |
| (0.0609) | (0.0599) | (0.0044) | (0.0092) | (0.0484) | (0.0575) | (0.0575) | |
| Urban (urban = 1, rural = 0) | 0.0465*** | 0.0510*** | −0.0538*** | 0.0295*** | 0.0602*** | 0.0701*** | 0.0644*** |
| (0.0103) | (0.0108) | (0.0034) | (0.0043) | (0.0089) | (0.0086) | (0.0088) | |
| Year fixed-effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| District fixed-effects | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Constant | 0.2175*** | 0.3479*** | −0.1884*** | 3.1911*** | 7.2652*** | 2.1339*** | 2.1241*** |
| (0.0424) | (0.0419) | (0.0141) | (0.0301) | (0.0509) | (0.0695) | (0.0679) | |
| Observations | 2,759,263 | 2,759,263 | 2,759,263 | 2,685,240 | 1,124,495 | 1,110,806 | 1,109,228 |
| R-squared | 0.318 | 0.326 | 0.153 | 0.165 | 0.352 | 0.341 | 0.339 |
| Note: This table presents estimates of the effects of COVID-19 on employment using the DD method. The effects are estimated by the interaction between the second, third quarter and fourth and the 2020 year.Robust standard errors in parentheses (corrected for sampling weight and clustered at the district level and year-by-quarter level) . *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1. | |||||||