Table 2.
Overview of number of participants, time points, and outcomes per assessment year for all participants and separately for each baseline group
| Baseline | Follow-up 1 yeara | Follow-up 2 yearsa | Follow-up 3 yearsa | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | SUD | BA | Control | All | SUDb | BAb | Controlb | All | SUDb | BAb | Controlb | All | SUDb | BAb | Controlb | ||
| n | 338 | 100 | 118 | 120 | 309 | 91 | 106 | 112 | 195 | 64 | 70 | 61 | 251 | 67 | 89 | 95 | |
| % | 100% | 30%c | 35%c | 35%c | 91%c | 30%c | 34%c | 36%c | 73%c | 33%c | 36%c | 31%c | 74%c | 27%c | 35%c | 38%c | |
| Time point (years) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.27 (0.21) | 1.28 (0.18) | 1.26 (0.20) | 1.26 (0.22) | 2.41 (0.19) | 2.34 (0.18) | 2.39 (0.19) | 2.49 (0.19) | 3.28 (0.22) | 3.30 (0.21) | 3.27 (0.27) | 3.29 (0.22) | |
| Outcomes | |||||||||||||||||
| Quantityd |
M (SD) |
0.38 (0.26) |
0.45 (0.27) |
0.46 (0.26) |
0.23 (0.18) |
0.60 (0.35) |
0.77 (0.41) |
0.59 (0.31) |
0.48 (0.27) |
0.67 (0.24) |
0.82 (0.31) |
0.61 (0.16) |
0.56 (0.12) |
0.70 (0.24) |
0.88 (0.32) |
0.67 (0.16) |
0.60 (0.17) |
| range | 0–1.6 | .03–1.6 | .1–1.2 |
0– 0.8 |
0–2.5 | .2–2.5 | .2–1.7 | .1–1.4 | .2–2.6 | .3–2.6 | .3–2.0 | .2–.9 | 0–2.5 | .3–2.5 | .5–1.4 | 0–1.3 | |
| Frequencyd |
M (SD) |
6.71 (4.44) |
8.49 (4.90) |
8.16 (3.42) |
3.81 (3.35) |
9.25 (4.37) |
11.53 (5.21) |
9.52 (3.38) |
7.12 (3.35) |
5.51 (4.11) |
7.95 (4.61) |
5.06 (3.63) |
3.47 (2.49) |
5.60 (4.20) |
8.00 (4.67) |
5.35 (3.93) |
4.13 (3.28) |
| range | .3–21.3 | .5–21.3 | .8–16 | .3–11.5 | .3–23 | 1–23 | .8–21.5 | .3–16.5 | 0–20 | .3–20 | .5–15.5 | 0–9.5 | 0–20 | 1.3–17 | 0–18.5 | 0–20 | |
| DSM-5 criteriad |
M (SD) |
3.03 (2.73) |
4.18 (2.28) |
4.61 (2.56) |
0.52 (0.63) |
2.10 (2.58) |
2.85 (2.59) |
2.70 (3.08) |
0.79 (1.22) |
1.48 (2.09) |
2.13 (2.33) |
1.87 (2.27) |
0.36 (0.78) |
2.12 (2.68) |
2.90 (2.86) |
2.73 (3.03) |
1.00 (1.62) |
| range | 0–16 | 2–13 | 2–16 | 0–2 | 0–16 | 0–11 | 0–16 | 0–6 | 0–11 | 0–11 | 0–10 | 0–3 | 0–16 | 0–16 | 0–16 | 0–8 | |
SUD, the substance use disorder group; BA, behavioral addiction group
aThe clinical follow-ups were scheduled according to the date of the baseline fMRI session. This was appropriate for all participants with the exception of six participants, for whom the fMRI session took place after the first baseline clinical assessment with a delay of more than one year. For these six participants, we re-allocated the outcome values to later follow-up waves according to the baseline clinical assessment instead of the baseline fMRI session (e.g., data from a 1-year follow-up that took place 1 year after the participant’s fMRI session, but 2 years after the participant´s baseline assessment, was re-allocated to the 2-year follow-up)
bGrouping is based on the baseline group assignments
cRefers to % from the baseline sample with the exception of the 2 years follow-up, where for organizational reasons only a sub-sample (n = 269) was invited
dThe possible value ranges for the outcomes were: quantity 0 to 6 (according to the rescaling from 0 to 1 and the 6 addictive behaviors), frequency 0 to 42 (according to the maximum of 7 days per week and the 6 addictive behaviors), and DSM-5 criteria 0 to 64 (according to the maximum of 11 DSM-5 criteria (with the exception of gambling disorder with 9 criteria) and the 6 addictive disorders)
In bold are the values of the complete sample