Table 1.
Studies on comparison of educational/cognitive interventions and/or counseling/behavioral interventions to no intervention: effect on IDWG
| Country | Type of study | Number of patients | Intervention | Interventionist | Duration | Outcome/Limits | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cummings et al., 1981 [27] | USA | Randomized, controlled | 116 |
Group A: control Group B: behavioral contract Group C: behavioral contract with a family member or friend Group D: weekly telephone contact |
Nurses | 3 months |
At 3 months, IDWG did not differ among group A (2.6 ± 0.2 kg), group B (2.5 ± 0.2 kg), group C (2.3 ± 0.2), and group D (2.3 ± 0.2 kg) (P = NS)* Demographics of the sample somewhat limit its generalizability |
| Tanner et al., 1998 [28] | USA | Randomized, controlled | 40 |
Group A: control Group B: patient self-monitoring and behavioral contracting upon adherence |
Nurses | 6 months | Number of sessions with acceptable IDWG was similar in the two groups |
| Christensen et al., 2002 [29] | USA | Randomized, controlled | 20 | Group administered behavioral self-regulation intervention | Nurses | 7 weeks |
Mean IDWG increased in controls (from 3.12 to 3.3 kg) and decreased in treated patients (from 3.12 to 2.9 kg) (P = 0.06) Short study duration; small sample |
| Molaison and Yadrick, 2003 [30] | USA | Comparison of patients at two centers (one as treatment and one as control) | 316 | Group education sessions based on transtheoretical model (states of change) | Multiple | 3 months | Mean IDWG increased both in controls (from 3.44 ± 1.27 kg to 3.57 ± 1.21 kg) and in treated patients (from 3.24 ± 1.19 to 3.41 ± 1.14 kg) (P = NS)* |
| Tsay, 2003 [31] | Taiwan | Randomized, controlled | 62 | Self-efficacy training | Nurses | 3 weeks |
Mean IDWG decreased in controls from 2.6 ± 0.7 to 2.5 ± 0.9 kg and in treated patients from 3.3 ± 0.7 to 2.5 ± 0.7 kg (P = 0.006)* Short study duration |
| Sharp et al., 2005 [32] | UK | Randomized, controlled | 56 | Group-based cognitive behavioral intervention | Psychologist | 1 month | Small but significant decrease in IDWG in the treatment group: from 3.56 ± 0.91 at baseline to 2.96 ± 1.09 kg at 4 weeks* |
| Kauric-Klein et al., 2012 [33] | USA | Randomized, controlled | 118 | Supportive nursing intervention incorporating monitoring, goal setting, and reinforcement | Nurses | 4 months | No differences in IDWG |
| Cho et al., 2013 [34] | Korea | Randomized, controlled | 43 | Health contract intervention based on the goal attainment theory | Nurses | 1 month |
IDWG lower in the experimental group (P = 0.017) Short study duration |
| Welch et al., 2013 [35] | USA | Randomized, controlled | 44 | Electronic self-monitoring intervention based on social cognitive theory | Nurses | 6 weeks |
No differences in IDWG Short study duration |
| Cukor et al., 2014 [36] | USA | Randomized, crossover | 59 | Individual cognitive behavioral therapy | Psychologist | 3 months | Percentage of change in weight per day in controls was 3.6 at baseline and 2.5 at 3 months and in the treatment group it was 4.0 at baseline and 3.6 at 3 months (P = 0.002) |
| Griva et al., 2018 [37] | UK | Randomized, controlled | 235 | Interactive and targeted self-management training program | Multiple | 9 months | IDWG significantly (P < 0.001) lower in experimental group |
| Baser et al., 2018 [38] | Turkey | Randomized controlled | 78 | The participants in the intervention group were trained through four education sessions over 4 months, and the measurement tools were administered to them | Nurses | 4 months | Mean IDWG decreased in controls from 2.3 ± 1.4 to 2.2 ± 1.9 kg (P = 0.772) and in treated patients from 3.2 ± 1.7 to 1.8 ± 1.1 kg (P = 0.0001) |
Data are expressed as * mean ± SD