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. 2022 Oct 20;12:17558. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-22423-6

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Microglial activation at different timepoints after BDL in C57Bl/6j mice. (A) Representative confocal maximum intensity projection images of IBA1 positive microglia and magnified 3D reconstructed microglia in prefrontal cortex at different timepoints after BDL. (B) Quantification of 3D reconstructed microglia, showing branch length, number of branch points, branch segments and endpoints per cell in sham (n = 4) or BDL animals (n = 4–5/timepoint) at different timepoints after BDL. (C) Protein levels of MCP-1 and IL-4 in prefrontal cortex in sham (n = 6) or BDL animals (n = 6/timepoint) at different timepoints after BDL. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. All data are represented as mean ± SEM. Scale bar IBA1 = 20 µm. Scale bar 3D-reconstruction = 10 µm. BDL bile duct ligation.