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. 2022 Oct 20;13:6229. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-33752-5

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — a Space diagram of the 3D/2D/3D HP configuration in typical mixed-dimensional 2D/3D HP films for solar cells. Schematic illustration of the corresponding CBM b in darkness and c under illumination. d Schematic diagram of the ITO/HP/Cu configuration for the in-plane direction measurement; Schematic diagram of the corresponding energy landscapes (e) in darkness and f under illumination. e represents electrons. △V denotes the photoinduced global potential barrier; The I-V characteristics of the vertical ITO/PEA₂MA_2.67Pb_3.67I₁₂/Cu (g) in darkness and h under illumination. i The corresponding (I_neg+I_pos) versus V_abs characteristics in darkness and under one-sun illumination.