Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics
| All | OI Control | PTSD | mTBI | mTBI+PTSD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||||
| N | 209 | 60 | 23 | 56 | 70 |
| Age | 33.8 (8.8) | 37.4 (7.3) | 37.9 (6.2) | 29.2 (7.3) | 33.0 (10.0) |
| Sex (Male/Female) | 186 / 23 | 48 / 12 | 21 / 2 | 53 / 3 | 64 / 6 |
| Race | |||||
| White | 148 [70.8%] | 38 [63.3%] | 13 [56.5%] | 46 [82.1%] | 51 [72.9%] |
| Black or African-American | 33 [15.8%] | 18 [30.0%] | 4 [17.4%] | 4 [7.1%] | 7 [10.0%] |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 2 [1.0%] | 0 [0.0%] | 0 [0.0%] | 2 [3.6%] | 0 [0.0%] |
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 4 [1.9%] | 1 [1.7%] | 0 [0.0%] | 0 [0.0%] | 3 [4.3%] |
| Asian | 5 [2.4%] | 1 [1.7%] | 3 [13.0%] | 0 [0.0%] | 1 [1.4%] |
| More than one race | 17 [8.1%] | 2 [3.3%] | 3 [13.0%] | 4 [7.1%] | 8 [11.4%] |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Hispanic or Latino | 59 [28.2%] | 13 [21.7%] | 10 [43.5%] | 16 [28.6%] | 20 [28.6%] |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 150 [71.8%] | 47 [78.3%] | 13 [56.5%] | 40 [71.4%] | 50 [71.4%] |
| Education | |||||
| High School Diploma | 98 [46.9%] | 15 [25.0%] | 8 [34.8%] | 41 [73.2%] | 34 [48.6%] |
| GED | 7 [3.3%] | 0 [0.0%] | 0 [0.0%] | 1 [1.8%] | 6 [8.6%] |
| Associates Degree | 43 [20.6%] | 13 [21.7%] | 5 [21.7%] | 12 [21.4%] | 13 [18.6%] |
| College Degree (BA/BS) | 34 [16.3%] | 16 [26.7%] | 6 [26.1%] | 2 [3.6%] | 10 [14.3%] |
| Post Graduate Degree | 27 [12.9%] | 16 [26.7%] | 4 [17.4%] | 0 [0.0%] | 7 [10.0%] |
| Years of Military Service | 11.9 (7.9) | 15.7 (6.7) | 15.0 (6.2) | 7.5 (6.5) | 11.2 (8.4) |
| Number of Deployments | 1.9 (1.0) | 2.0 (0.9) | 2.1 (1.3) | 1.8 (1.0) | 1.9 (1.0) |
| PTSD Checklist – Military Version | 43.8 (18.4) | 27.2 (12.4) | 60.9 (11.5) | 33.8 (7.1) | 60.5 (10.3) |
| Mechanism of Injury | |||||
| Blast | - | - | - | 42 [75.0%] | 38 [54.3%] |
| Vehicular | - | - | - | 1 [1.8%] | 8 [11.4%] |
| Fall | - | - | - | 6 [10.7%] | 6 [8.6%] |
| Other | - | - | - | 7 [12.5%] | 18 [25.7%] |
| Number of Prior TBI Reported | - | - | - | 2.0 (3.5) | 3.9 (6.2) |
| Time Since Injury (Months) | |||||
| High Functioning | - | - | - | 9.0 (5.4) | - |
| Normal Functioning | - | - | - | 12.5 (7.1) | 9.1 (4.5) |
| Psychological Symptoms | - | - | - | - | 9.9 (6.3) |
| Cognitive Symptoms | - | - | - | 9.7 (4.8) | 7.4 (4.7) |
| Combined Cognitive / Psychological Symptoms | - | - | - | - | 12.0 (5.4) |
| Loss of Consciousness | |||||
| High Functioning | - | - | - | 13 [54.2%]* | - |
| Normal Functioning | - | - | - | 4 [26.7%]* | 5 [33.3%]* |
| Psychological Symptoms | - | - | - | - | 10 [50.0%]* |
| Cognitive Symptoms | - | - | - | 7 [41.2%]* | 6 [35.3%]* |
| Combined Cognitive / Psychological Symptoms | - | - | - | - | 11 [61.1%]* |
| Post-Traumatic Amnesia | |||||
| High Functioning | - | - | - | 3 [12.5%]* | - |
| Normal Functioning | - | - | - | 2 [13.3%]* | 2 [13.3%]* |
| Psychological Symptoms | - | - | - | - | 0 [0.0%]* |
| Cognitive Symptoms | - | - | - | 0 [0.0%]* | 2 [11.8%]* |
| Combined Cognitive / Psychological Symptoms | - | - | - | - | 6 [33.3%]* |
Note: Mean with standard deviation in parentheses. Frequency with percentage in square brackets.
*
Percentage of diagnostic group within symptom class. One OI control was missing data for deployments. Three participants (2 mTBI and 1 mTBI+PTSD) had missing data for number of prior TBI and one mTBI participant reported multiple prior TBIs but did not quantify the number. One mTBI+PTSD had missing data for loss of consciousness. Two mTBI participants had missing data for post-traumatic amnesia. Time since injury did not differ between mTBI and mTBI+PTSD groups or between classes.