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. 2022 Apr 21;33(4):548–557. doi: 10.1038/s41370-022-00426-9

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Note: There were N = 64 participants in Fresno and N = 64 participants in San Francisco in this analysis. Any chemicals that were identified as potentially endogenous were removed from this plot. Individual chemicals may appear multiple times in multiple categories if they were present in databases for multiple categories. When this occurs the points are slightly jittered to show each of the categories. The number next to the chemicals indicate how many categories one chemical falls under, and therefore how many markers belong to each chemical. The size of each marker reflects the ratio of the average abundances across participants for each suspect chemical in Fresno compared to San Francisco. The median ratio of average abundances in Fresno compared to San Francisco was 3.0. All differentially detected chemicals had detection frequencies that were significantly different between cities at the 0.05 level.