Table II.
Clinical setting
| Clinical setting (N) | No. of clinical settings | Study |
|---|---|---|
| Adult ICU (N=72) | 1 | King et al. [75] |
| 1 | Kuruno et al. [72] | |
| 1 | Saharman et al. [84] | |
| 1 | Yilmaz et al. [52] | |
| 3 | Chakravarthy et al. [41] | |
| 1 | Medeiros et al. [89] | |
| 5 | Su et al. [86] | |
| 1 | van der Kooi et al. [58] | |
| 6 | Apisarnthanarak et al. [55] | |
| 13 | Derde et al. [35] | |
| 1 | Fox et al. [81] | |
| 2 | Ellison et al. [48] | |
| 1 | Nyamadzawo et al. [39] | |
| 1 | Rodrigeuz et al. [87] | |
| 10 | von Lengerke et al. [46] | |
| 10 | von Lengerke et al. [45] | |
| 11 | Reisinger et al. [44] | |
| 1 | Renaudin et al. [60] | |
| 2 | Visnovsky et al. [69] | |
| Neonatal ICU (N=2) | 1 | Chhapola and Brar [79] |
| 1 | Nyamadzawo et al. [39] | |
| Paediatric ICU (N=1) | 1 | Nyamadzawo et al. [39] |
| Paediatric long-term care facility (N=1) | 1 | Larson et al. [63] |
| Nursing home (N=18 nursing homes, N=124 nursing home units) | 18 | Teesing et al. [90] |
| High-dependency unit (N=1) | 1 | Nyamadzawo et al. [39] |
| Primary healthcare centre (N=38) | 13 | Labi et al. [40] |
| 1 | Nour-Eldein and Ali Mohamed [59] | |
| 24 | Wiedenmayer et al. [38] | |
| Whole organization (N=61) | 2 | Labi et al. [40] |
| 1 | Xiong et al. [56] | |
| 2 | Lea et al. [70] | |
| 1 | Stewardson et al. [61] | |
| 1 | Harrabi et al. [57] | |
| 5 | Sopirala et al. [12] | |
| 42 | Staats [42] | |
| 1 | Mu et al. [82] | |
| 1 | Farhoudi et al. [88] | |
| 2 | Moller-Sorenson et al. [47] | |
| 1 | Stevenson et al. [83] | |
| 2 | Derksen et al. [74] | |
| Operating room (N=56) | 1 | Khan and Nausheen [54] |
| 14 | Wiedenmayer et al. [38] | |
| 11 | Laurikainen et al. [53] | |
| 30 | Nobile et al. [3] | |
| Medical/surgical ward (N=361) | 11 | Schmitz et al. [37] |
| 12 | Tschudin-Sutter et al. [80] | |
| 4 | Diefenbacher et al. [65] | |
| 1 | Kai et al. [50] | |
| 5 | Santoaningsih et al. [77] | |
| 207 | Wiedenmayer et al. [38] | |
| 1 | Fouad and Eltaher [71] | |
| 38 | Lytsy et al. [36] | |
| 2 | Lee et al. [62] | |
| 6 | Nyamadzawo et al. [39] | |
| 20 | Aghdassi et al. [43] | |
| 1 | Muller et al. [68] | |
| 4 | Ng et al. [78] | |
| 11 | Reisinger et al. [44] | |
| 1 | Vander Weg et al. [67] | |
| 6 | Visnovsky et al. [69] | |
| 2 | Benudis et al. [66] | |
| 1 | Beyfus et al. [49] | |
| 2 | Marra et al. [73] | |
| 19 | Nobile et al. [3] | |
| 1 | Mukherjee et al. [51] | |
| 6 | Donati et al. [85] | |
| Rehabilitation centre unit (N=5) | 5 | Pong et al. [64] |
| Dispensary (N=162) | 155 | Staats [42] |
| 7 | Wiedenmayer et al. [38] | |
| Haematopoietic stem cell transplant unit (N=4) | 2 | von Lengerke et al. [46] |
| 2 | von Lengerke et al. [45] | |
| Clinical service (N=11) | 11 | Nobile et al. [3] |
| Laboratory (N=8) | 8 | Wiedenmeyer et al. [38] |
| Total=801 |
ICU, intensive care unit.