TABLE 3.
Targets and signaling pathways of melatonin exerting antioxidant effects in bone metabolism.
| Targets and signaling pathways | Effect and function | Citation |
|---|---|---|
| SIRT1 | Maintaining mitochondrial biosynthesis to improve oxidative damage | Liu et al. (2022b), Chen et al. (2020b) |
| SIRT3 | Promoting antioxidase production to hydrolysis free radicals | Zhou et al. (2019), Xiao et al. (2020) |
| Nrf2 | maintaining the survival of osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells, inhibiting osteoclast differentiation | Wang et al. (2022b), Su et al. (2021) |
| Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway | enhance intracellular antioxidant reaction | Guo et al. (2021b) |
a
Melatonin is the strongest endogenous free radical scavenger. SIRT1, Sirtuin 1; SIRT3, Sirtuin 3; Nrf2, NFE2 like bZIP, transcription factor 2; HO-1, Heme oxygenase 1.