. 2022 Sep 30;27(3):282–298. doi: 10.3746/pnf.2022.27.3.282

Table 4.

Heavy metal concentrations of the examined plants (unit: mg/kg plant)

Plant name	Some heavy metal concentration

	Copper	Iron	Manganese	Zinc
Curcuma longa	2.32±0.20ⁱ	175.58±11.30^gh	113.19±10.40^c	10.16±2.00^f
Zingiber officinale	5.23±0.75^g	395.58±48.80^c	291.09±19.90^a	20.15±1.80^e
Alpinia galanga	8.97±0.60^bc	714.71±45.50^a	98.68±13.30^c	21.83±2.10^de
Tamarindus indica	10.02±1.20^b	39.21±5.13^j	4.87±0.49^g	14.02±1.16^f
Cinnamomum verum	6.82±0.86^ef	81.79±8.50^ig	245.37±26.40^b	11.59±0.97^f
Syzygium aromaticum	6.97±0.60^ef	90.55±11.90ⁱ	30.70±4.30^e	43.54±3.60^a
Apium graveolens	11.31±0.46^a	614.50±15.50^b	52.03±5.56^d	28.65±2.90^c
Punica granatum	8.49±0.73^cd	220.00±43.60^fg	11.58±2.40^fg	15.06±1.87^f
Lepidium sativum	3.08±0.40^hi	144.86±9.78^h	18.49±2.60^efg	25.27±3.00^cde
Raphanus sativus	2.40±0.50ⁱ	68.59±7.56^ij	11.38±1.50^fg	25.46±2.40^cde
Eruca sativa	2.27±0.56ⁱ	229.64±11.30^ef	15.88±2.80^efg	28.35±4.20^c
Brassica rapa var. rapa	5.97±0.60^fg	329.90±43.00^d	22.62±3.00^efg	41.47±9.70^a
Brassica oleracea	3.12±0.27^hi	249.45±32.00^ef	24.01±3.40^ef	27.13±3.50^cd
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis	3.87±0.67^h	272.50±33.60^e	25.80±3.30^ef	30.31±2.70^bc
Hibiscus cannabinus	12.39±0.88^a	177.03±20.80^gh	13.67±1.46^efg	34.96±3.60^b
Hibiscus sabdariffa	7.45±1.00^de	81.07±9.15^ig	10.34±1.00^fg	29.37±3.30^c
Gossypium arboreum	7.22±1.00^ef	97.44±13.60ⁱ	9.38±1.68^fg	24.90±2.10^cde

Values are presented as mean±SD.

Means with different letters (a-i) within the same column are significantly different at P<0.05.