Table 2. Demographic, Clinical, and Vaccination-Related Data, and Results of Multivariable Logistic Regression for Immunocompromised Patients With Severe and Non-Severe COVID-19 Despite Vaccination.
| Characteristic | Patients, No. (%) | aOR (95% CI)a | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (n = 14 021) | Nonsevere infection (n = 11 062) | Severe infection (n = 2959) | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 12 505 (89.2) | 9653 (87.3) | 2852 (96.4) | 1 [Reference] |
| Female | 1516 (10.8) | 1409 (12.7) | 107 (3.6) | 0.59 (0.47-0.74) |
| Age range, y | ||||
| <40 | 848 (6.0) | 829 (7.5) | 19 (0.6) | 0.69 (0.37-1.29) |
| 40-44 | 524 (3.7) | 506 (4.6) | 18 (0.6) | 0.98 (0.52-1.86) |
| 45-49 | 636 (4.5) | 613 (5.5) | 23 (0.8) | 1 [Reference] |
| 50-54 | 1004 (7.2) | 925 (8.4) | 79 (2.7) | 2.06 (1.27-3.36) |
| 55-59 | 1228 (8.8) | 1093 (9.9) | 135 (4.6) | 2.52 (1.58-4.02) |
| 60-64 | 1733 (12.4) | 1467 (13.3) | 266 (9.0) | 3.51 (2.24-5.51) |
| 65-69 | 1874 (13.4) | 1452 (13.1) | 422 (14.3) | 5.01 (3.21-7.83) |
| 70-74 | 2955 (21.1) | 2122 (19.2) | 833 (28.2) | 6.79 (4.37-10.6) |
| 75-79 | 1841 (13.1) | 1274 (11.5) | 567 (19.2) | 7.71 (4.93-12.1) |
| ≥80 | 1378 (9.8) | 781 (7.1) | 597 (20.2) | 12.66 (8.04-19.93) |
| Dominant variant | ||||
| Pre-Delta period | 501 (3.6) | 299 (2.7) | 202 (6.8) | 1 [Reference] |
| Delta period | 4422 (31.5) | 3146 (28.4) | 1276 (43.1) | 0.74 (0.57-0.96) |
| Omicron period | 9098 (64.9) | 7617 (68.9) | 1481 (50.1) | 0.44 (0.33-0.58) |
| Vaccine type | ||||
| Ad26.COV2.S | 1172 (8.4) | 940 (8.5) | 232 (7.8) | 1.11 (0.93-1.33) |
| mRNA-1273 | 6098 (43.5) | 4860 (43.9) | 1238 (41.8) | 0.78 (0.71-0.86) |
| BNT162b2 | 6751 (48.1) | 5262 (47.6) | 1489 (50.3) | 1 [Reference] |
| History of infection before vaccinated | 636 (4.5) | 515 (4.7) | 121 (4.1) | 0.61 (0.48-0.78) |
| Time since fully vaccinated at breakthrough, mo | ||||
| <4 | 1672 (11.9) | 1225 (11.1) | 447 (15.1) | 1 [Reference] |
| 4 to <5 | 975 (7.0) | 743 (6.7) | 232 (7.8) | 1.09 (0.86-1.37) |
| 5 to <6 | 1159 (8.3) | 831 (7.5) | 328 (11.1) | 1.14 (0.91-1.41) |
| 6 to <7 | 1140 (8.1) | 845 (7.6) | 295 (10.0) | 1.04 (0.83-1.30) |
| 7 to <8 | 1336 (9.5) | 1083 (9.8) | 253 (8.6) | 0.93 (0.74-1.17) |
| 8 to <9 | 2069 (14.8) | 1759 (15.9) | 310 (10.5) | 0.99 (0.79-1.24) |
| 9 to <10 | 2488 (17.7) | 2070 (18.7) | 418 (14.1) | 1.13 (0.90-1.42) |
| 10 to <11 | 2160 (15.4) | 1709 (15.4) | 451 (15.2) | 1.33 (1.04-1.70) |
| 11 to <12 | 915 (6.5) | 710 (6.4) | 205 (6.9) | 1.39 (1.05-1.85) |
| ≥12 | 107 (0.8) | 87 (0.8) | 20 (0.7) | 0.94 (0.53-1.68) |
| Time since boosted at breakthrough, mo | ||||
| Not boosted | 9408 (67.1) | 7234 (65.4) | 2174 (73.5) | 1 [Reference] |
| 1 or less | 663 (4.7) | 541 (4.9) | 122 (4.1) | 0.78 (0.62-0.99) |
| 1 to <2 | 878 (6.3) | 734 (6.6) | 144 (4.9) | 0.63 (0.51-0.78) |
| 2 to <3 | 1107 (7.9) | 903 (8.2) | 204 (6.9) | 0.69 (0.57-0.83) |
| 3 to <4 | 1040 (7.4) | 883 (8.0) | 157 (5.3) | 0.51 (0.41-0.63) |
| 4 to <5 | 670 (4.8) | 563 (5.1) | 107 (3.6) | 0.54 (0.42-0.70) |
| 5 to <6 | 141 (1.0) | 109 (1.0) | 32 (1.1) | 0.78 (0.49-1.23) |
| ≥6 | 114 (0.8) | 95 (0.9) | 19 (0.6) | 0.81 (0.47-1.41) |
| IS medications before breakthrough | ||||
| Chemotherapy | 1006 (7.2) | 696 (6.3) | 310 (10.5) | 2.21 (1.83-2.67) |
| Cytokine-blocking | 1601 (11.4) | 1401 (12.7) | 200 (6.8) | 1.41 (1.12-1.78) |
| Glucocorticoids | 7544 (53.8) | 5723 (51.7) | 1821 (61.5) | 1.91 (1.70-2.14) |
| Leukocyte-inhibitory | 1924 (13.7) | 1438 (13.0) | 486 (16.4) | 2.42 (2.05-2.85) |
| Lymphocyte-depleting | 585 (4.2) | 406 (3.7) | 179 (6.0) | 1.94 (1.47-2.54) |
| IS medications before initial vaccination | ||||
| Chemotherapy | 430 (3.1) | 316 (2.9) | 114 (3.9) | 0.87 (0.66-1.15) |
| Cytokine-blocking | 1211 (8.6) | 1096 (9.9) | 115 (3.9) | 0.59 (0.45-0.79) |
| Glucocorticoids | 2754 (19.6) | 2124 (19.2) | 630 (21.3) | 1.22 (1.08-1.38) |
| Leukocyte-inhibitory | 1368 (9.8) | 1099 (9.9) | 269 (9.1) | 0.78 (0.64-0.95) |
| Lymphocyte-depleting | 223 (1.6) | 153 (1.4) | 70 (2.4) | 1.12 (0.73-1.70) |
| BMI class | ||||
| Underweight | 119 (0.8) | 60 (0.5) | 59 (2.0) | 1.67 (1.11-2.53) |
| Normal | 1994 (14.2) | 1372 (12.4) | 622 (21.0) | 1 [Reference] |
| Overweight | 4085 (29.1) | 3271 (29.6) | 814 (27.5) | 0.65 (0.57-0.75) |
| Obesity I | 3883 (27.7) | 3155 (28.5) | 728 (24.6) | 0.69 (0.60-0.80) |
| Obesity II | 2204 (15.7) | 1798 (16.3) | 406 (13.7) | 0.76 (0.64-0.90) |
| Severe obesity | 1568 (11.2) | 1252 (11.3) | 316 (10.7) | 0.93 (0.77-1.12) |
| Unknown | 168 (1.2) | 154 (1.4) | 14 (0.5) | 0.55 (0.30-1.01) |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Alzheimers disease and related disorders or senile dementia | 450 (3.2) | 228 (2.1) | 222 (7.5) | 1.51 (1.21-1.88) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 2285 (16.3) | 1441 (13.0) | 844 (28.5) | 1.57 (1.38-1.78) |
| COPD and bronchiectasis | 2489 (17.8) | 1539 (13.9) | 950 (32.1) | 1.71 (1.52-1.92) |
| Diabetes | 3931 (28.0) | 2800 (25.3) | 1131 (38.2) | 1.22 (1.10-1.36) |
| Heart failure | 1205 (8.6) | 675 (6.1) | 530 (17.9) | 1.51 (1.29-1.77) |
| HIV and/or AIDS | 103 (0.7) | 83 (0.8) | 20 (0.7) | 0.98 (0.56-1.70) |
| Leukemias and lymphomas | 1336 (9.5) | 993 (9.0) | 343 (11.6) | 1.58 (1.33-1.88) |
| Lung cancer | 289 (2.1) | 173 (1.6) | 116 (3.9) | 1.38 (1.05-1.80) |
| Mobility impairments | 166 (1.2) | 94 (0.8) | 72 (2.4) | 1.73 (1.20-2.51) |
| Multiple sclerosis and transverse myelitis | 207 (1.5) | 166 (1.5) | 41 (1.4) | 2.02 (1.31-3.11) |
| Pressure and chronic ulcers | 235 (1.7) | 117 (1.1) | 118 (4.0) | 1.68 (1.24-2.29) |
| Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders | 327 (2.3) | 236 (2.1) | 91 (3.1) | 1.41 (1.06-1.88) |
Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IS, immune-suppressive.
a
Results for all variables used in the analysis are shown in eTable 6 in the Supplement.