Table 5.
Summary of the mechanisms of circRNAs in cerebral ischemia.
| Author | circRNA | Potential signal axis | Species | Model/disease | Function | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Han et al., 2018 | CircHECTD1 was up-regulated | – | Mus musculus and Homo sapiens | tMCAO mice and patient with AIS | Inhibition of Circhetd1 expression significantly reduces infarct size, reduces neuronal damage, and improves astrocyte activation | (134) |
| Wu et al., 2019 | CircTLK1 was up-regulated | – | Mus musculus and Homo sapiens | MCAO mice and patient with AIS | Knockdown of CircTLK1 significantly reduces infarct volume, reduces neuronal damage and ameliorates nerve damage | (135) |
| Bai et al., 2018 | CircDLGAP4 was down-regulation | CircDLGAP4/microRNA-143/E6-AP C-terminal domain E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase axis | Mus musculus and Homo sapiens | MCAO mice and patient with AIS | Up-regulation of circDLGAP4 expression significantly reduces nerve injury, infarct size, and blood-brain barrier damage | (136) |
| Li et al. 2020 | Circ-0072309 was down-regulation | Circ-0072309/miR-100/mTOR axis | Mus musculus and Homo sapiens | Patient with IS and MCAO mice | Regulates cell survival and apoptosis | (137) |
| Tang et al. 2020 | Circ_016719 was up-regulated | Circ_016719/miR-29c/MAP2k6 axis | Mus musculus | tMCAO | 45Circ_016719 gene knockout significantly increases cell proliferation, down-regulates apoptosis, and significantly inhibits autophagy | (138) |
| Wu et al. 2020 | CircCCDC9 was down-regulation | CircCCDC9/Notch1 signaling pathway | Mus musculus | tMCAO | Overexpressed circCCDC9 protects blood-brain barrier and inhibits apoptosis | (139) |
| Yang et al., 2020 | CircMH 1 was down-regulation | CircSCMH1/MeCP2 axis | Mus musculus | Patients with AIS and Photothrombotic stroke in mice | Circscmh1 enhances neuronal plasticity and inhibits glial activation and peripheral immune cell infiltration | (140) |
| Wang et al., 2020 | Si-CircHIPK2-NSC | – | Mus musculus | tMCAO | Si-Circhipk2 NSCs increase IS neuronal plasticity, provide durable neuroprotection, and significantly reduce functional deficits | (141) |
| Dai et al., 2021 | Circ-HECTD1 was up-regulated | Circ-HECTD1/miR-133b/TRAF3 axis | Mus musculus | OGD and MCAO | Circ-hectd1 knockdown reduces OGD-induced neuronal death and infarct volume in vitro | (142) |
| Chen et al., 2020 | CircSHOC2 was up-regulated | CircSHOC2/miR-7670-3p/SIRT1 axis | Mus musculus | OGD | Circshoc2 inhibits neuronal apoptosis and alleviates neuronal damage | (143) |
| Silva et al., 2020 | hsa-Circ 0078299 and FXN | – | Homo sapiens | Patients with AIS | Neuroprotection and Brain Recovery | (144) |
| Zhu et al., 2019 | PBMC-circ-DLGAP4 was up-regulated | – | Homo sapiens | Patients with AIS | Circ-DLGAP4 inversely correlates with inflammation and miR-143 expression in AIS patients | (145) |
| Peng et al., 2019 | CircRNA HECTD1 was up-regulated | – | Homo sapiens | Patients with AIS | CircRNA HECTD1 expression is associated with higher disease risk, disease severity, inflammation and relapse | (146) |
| Bazan et al., 2017 | CircR-284 | – | Homo sapiens | 24 asymptomatic and 17 symptomatic patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy | Serum Circ-284:MIR-221 can be used as an early warning factor for carotid plaque rupture and stroke | (147) |
| Zuo et al., 2020 | CircFUNDC1 | – | Homo sapiens | Patients with AIS | CircFUNDC1 can be used to build risk prediction models to predict SAI | (148) |
| Jiang et al., 2021 | circleGLIS3 | cGLIS3/miR-203/EIF4A3 axis | Mus musculus and Homo sapiens | MCAO mice and patient with AIS | cGLIS3 is a common regulator and diagnostic marker of brain neurodegeneration | (149) |