Table 6.

Summary of the mechanisms of circRNAs in cerebral ischemia (Sequencing results).

Authors	Changes in expression profiles	Specific core circRNA	Model/disease	Species	Potential biological processes and functions	Potential pathway/target gene	Reference
Mehta et al., 2017	1320 circRNAs differentially expressed (283 cases changed at least 1 reperfusion time point, 16 cases had 3 reperfusion time points change)	Circ_008018, Circ_015350, Circ_016128 were up-regulated, Circ_011137, Circ_001729, Circ_006696 were down-regulated	tMCAO	Mus musculus	Biological regulation, metabolic processes, cellular communication, and binding to proteins, ions, and nucleic acids	Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, cell cycle, actin cytoskeleton regulation and local adhesion	(150)
Liu et al., 2017	914 circRNAs were up-regulated and 113 circRNAs were down-regulated	mmu_CircRNA_40001, mmu_CircRNA_013120, mmu_CircRNA_4080	tMCAO	Mus musculus	Multiple biological processes, cell signaling pathways, and protein activities	Rap1 signaling channel and Hippo pathway	(151)
Ostolaza et al., 2020	Atherosclerosis versus thrombotic stroke: differential expression. Atherosclerosis vs. undetermined stroke: 87 up-regulated, 139 down-regulated. Thrombotic stroke versus undiagnosed stroke patients: 8 up-regulated, 9 down-regulated	HSA_CircRNA_102488	AIS	Homo sapiens	Fatty acid biosynthesis, lysine degradation, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy	The RBP site of hsa_CircRNA_102488 is clustered around AGO2 and FUS proteins	(152)
Lu et al., 2020	128,198,789 circRNA changes at 5 minutes, 3 hours, and 24 hours after IS	CircBBS2, CircPHKA2	AIS patients and tMCAO mice	Mus musculus and Homo sapiens	Immune processes, metabolic processes and bioadhesion	Hippo signaling pathway, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction and fatty acid metabolism	(153)
Li et al., 2020	2659 circRNAs were differentially expressed (73 circRNAs were significantly changed at 7 and 14 days after stroke)	mmu_Circ:chr2:74568941-74573626, mmu_Circ:chr8:8639206-8639489, mmu_Circ:chr18:14633543-14636618	MCAO	Mus musculus	Closely related to inflammation and self-repair, plays an important role in secondary thalamic neurodegeneration and remodeling after focal cortical infarction	Metabolic pathway, cancer pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, endocytosis, etc.	(154)
Dong et al., 2020	373 circRNAs were up-regulated and 148 circRNAs were down-regulated	hsa_cic:chr1:95609447-95616975, hsa_cic:chr15:55640530-55640923S were up-regulated; hsa_cic:chr9:80869752-80879232 were down-regulated	AIS	Homo sapiens	Neuroinflammation and Neuroimmunity	Metabolic pathways, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways, some inflammatory pathways, immune pathways, differentiation and apoptosis-related signaling pathways	(155)
Lin et al., 2016	3 circRNAs were up-regulated and 12 circRNAs were down-regulated	mmu-CircRNA-015947	OGD/R	Mus musculus	–	Apoptosis, metabolism and immune-related pathways	(156)
Duan et al., 2019	40 circRNAs were up-regulated and 47 circRNAs were down-regulated	CircRNA.17737, CircRNA.8828, CircRNA.14479 were up-regulated; CircRNA.1059, CircRNA.9967, CircRNA.6952 were down-regulated	MCAO	Rattus norvegicus	Nervous system development and endocytosis	cytoplasmic vesicles, vesicles, synapses, cytoskeleton, cytoplasmic vesicles	(157)
Li et al., 2020	659 circRNAs were up-regulated and 1611 circRNAs were down-regulated	hsa_Circ_0005548 was up-regulated; hsa_Circ_0000607 and hsa_Circ_0002465 were down-regulated	AIS	Homo sapiens	–	Endocytosis, energy metabolism, apoptosis, FOXO signaling pathway, platelet activation, neurotrophic factor signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway	(158)
Li et al., 2021	182 circRNAs were up-regulated and 176 circRNAs were down-regulated	hsa_CircRNA_0001599	Left atrial appendage stroke	Homo sapiens	–	Chromatin modification, autophagy, platelet activation, and neural precursor cell proliferation	(159)