Table 2.
Weighted Cox Proportional Hazard Models Predicting Mortality: 2006/2008–2018 Total Sample (N = 9,293)
| Variable | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
b
(SE) |
Hazard ratio |
b
(SE) |
Hazard ratio |
b
(SE) |
Hazard ratio | |
| Diastolic blood pressure | −0.0118*** (0.0028) |
0.99 | −0.0539*** (0.0102) |
0.95 | −0.0299* (0.0142) |
0.97 |
| Systolic blood pressure | 0.0066*** (0.0015) |
1.01 | −0.0206** (0.0067) |
0.98 | −0.0200+ (0.0107) |
0.98 |
| Age | 0.0763* (0.0296) |
1.08 | 0.1284*** (0.0322) |
1.14 | 0.1516*** (0.0406) |
1.16 |
| Age2 | 0.0001 (0.0002) |
1.00 | −0.0015*** (0.0004) |
1.00 | −0.0013* (0.0007) |
1.00 |
| ePWV | 0.8902*** (0.2148) |
2.44 | 0.6312* (0.3117) |
1.88 | ||
| Gender (ref = female) | 0.5167*** (0.0474) |
1.68 | ||||
| Race and ethnicity (ref = non-Hispanic White) | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic Black | −0.0598 (0.0748) |
0.94 | ||||
| Hispanic | −0.0891*** (0.0891) |
0.72 | ||||
| Education (ref=<high school graduate) | ||||||
| High school graduate | −0.0828 (0.0585) |
0.92 | ||||
| Associate degree/some college | −0.0881 (0.1238) |
0.92 | ||||
| College degree | −0.2640** (0.0906) |
0.77 | ||||
| Graduate degree | −0.3495*** (0.1061) |
0.71 | ||||
| Income (thousands) | −0.00231*** (0.0000) |
1.00 | ||||
| Wealth (hundred thousands) | −0.0001 (0.0000) |
1.00 | ||||
| Physical activity (ref = hardly ever or never) | ||||||
| More than once a week | −0.4886*** (0.0567) |
0.61 | ||||
| Once a week | −0.3940*** (0.0714) |
0.67 | ||||
| One to three times a month | −0.3105*** (0.0851) |
0.73 | ||||
| Current smoker (1 = yes) | 0.7049*** (0.0772) |
2.02 | ||||
| Body mass index | −0.3996** (0.1372) |
0.67 | ||||
| Body mass index2 | 0.0111** (0.0042) |
1.01 | ||||
| Body mass index3 | −0.0001** (0.00004) |
1.00 | ||||
| Heart disease (1 = yes) | 0.3162*** (0.0990) |
1.37 | ||||
| Antihypertensive medication (1 = yes) | −0.1724+ (0.0962) |
0.84 | ||||
| Diabetes (1 = yes) | 0.2139* (0.1093) |
1.23 | ||||
| Diabetes medication (1 = yes) | 0.1302 (0.1190) |
1.14 | ||||
| Stroke (1 = yes) | 0.3701*** (0.0922) |
1.45 | ||||
| Cholesterol medication (1 = yes) | −0.0685 (0.0510) |
0.93 | ||||
| Total cholesterol/HDL ratio | 0.0062 (0.0198) |
1.01 | ||||
| Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) | 0.0441 (0.0285) |
1.05 | ||||
| Cystatin c | 0.3833*** (0.0289) |
1.47 | ||||
| C-reactive protein (CRP) | 0.0087** (0.0028) |
1.01 | ||||
| Log likelihood | −20,473.15*** | −20,463.76*** | −19,977.13*** | |||
Notes: ePWV = estimated pulse wave velocity; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; SE = standard error.
*** p ≤ .001,
** p ≤ .01,
*p ≤ .05,
+ p < .10.