Table 3.
Prevalence of sleep disorders and associated comorbidities
| Heterogeneity |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sleep disorders
|
n
|
Prevalence (95% CI)
|
N
|
I2
|
τ2
|
P
|
| SWD |
5 |
31% (15%-53%) |
9117 |
99% |
1.0802 |
<0.01 |
| OSA |
13 |
30% (18%-46%) |
70 687 |
100% |
1.5367 |
<0.0001 |
| Insomnia |
15 |
28% (19%-39%) |
38 518 |
100% |
1.2234 |
<0.0001 |
| EDS |
14 |
28% (24%-33%) |
7905 |
96% |
0.1715 |
<0.01 |
| RLS |
2 |
2% (1%-4%) |
11 231 |
97% |
0.1347 |
<0.01 |
| Narcolepsy |
2 |
1% (0%-5%) |
4434 |
95% |
1.1393 |
<0.01 |
|
Associated comorbidities
|
|
OR (95% CI)
|
N
|
I2
|
τ2
|
P
|
| OSA |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Anxiety
|
2 |
2.46 (1.99-3.03) |
11 890 |
0% |
0.0000 |
0.447 |
|
CVD
|
2 |
2.03 (1.43-2.88) |
11 890 |
0% |
0.0000 |
0.896 |
|
DM
|
2 |
1.91 (1.41-2.65) |
11 890 |
0% |
0.0000 |
0.689 |
|
Depression
|
4 |
1.89 (1.01-3.56) |
63 640 |
97% |
0.3870 |
<0.0001 |
|
GERD
|
6 |
1.83 (1.50-2.22) |
11 150 |
48% |
0.0220 |
0.084 |
|
PTSD
|
2 |
1.78 (1.33-2.39) |
5557 |
42% |
0.0240 |
0.188 |
| Insomnia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depression
|
2 |
9.74 (4.67-20.3) |
10 955 |
93% |
0.3910 |
<0.0001 |
|
Anxiety
|
2 |
9.22 (3.81-22.3) |
10 955 |
94% |
0.5720 |
<0.0001 |
| PTSD | 3 | 7.13 (6.27-8.10) | 20 743 | 19% | 0.0030 | 0.291 |
CI – confidence interval, CVD – cardiovascular disease, DM – diabetes mellitus, EDS – excessive daytime sleepiness, GERD – gastroesophageal reflux disease, n – number of studies, N – sample size, OR – odds ratio, OSA – obstructive sleep apnoea, PTSD – post-traumatic stress disorder, RLS – restless leg syndrome, SWD – shift work disorder