Table 3.

Different Leishmania identification methods in human cases carried out in Iran.

References	Years	Focus	Recognized method	Parasite species	DNA
[7, 86]	2011, 2013	Isfahan, Golestan	Nested PCR	L. major, L. gerbilli	ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2
[86, 119]	2011	Golestan	Nested PCR	L. major, L. turanica	ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2
[32]	1981	Isfahan	IFAT1	Leishmania sp.	–
[11]	2000	Fars	ELISA2, IFAT	L. major, L. tropica	–
[51]	2005	Fars	Isoenzyme	L. major, L. tropica	–
[80]	2006	Kashan	PCR-SSCP3	L. major	ITS7 (ITS1, ITS2)
[39]	2007	Mirjaveh	Smears, Culture, PCR4	Leishmania sp.	kDNA8
[146]	2009	Mashhad	PCR-RFLP5	L. major, L. tropica	Mini-exon gene
[78]	2010	Mashhad	Culture, PCR	L. major, L. tropica	kDNA
[34]	2010	Shiraz	PCR	L. major, L. tropica	kDNA
[109]	2010	Shiraz	Smears, Culture, PCR	L. major, L. tropica	kDNA
[49]	2010	Kermanshah	Culture, PCR-RAPD6	L. major	ITS1
[31]	2011	Isfahan, Bam	PCR-RFLP	L. major, L. tropica	ITS1
[35]	2011	All endemic areas	Smears, PCR	L. major, L. tropica	kDNA
[131]	2011	Khuzestan province	PCR-RFLP	L. major, L. tropica	Mini-exon gene
[137]	2012	Kashan	Culture, PCR-RFLP	L. major, L. tropica	ITS1, KDNA
[17]	2012	Fars province	PCR	L. major, L. tropica	ITS1
[50]	2012	Isfahan	Culture	L. major, L. tropica	ITS1
[29]	2012	Isfahan, Ahwaz	PCR-PPIP, PCR-RFLP	L. major	ITS
[79]	2012	All endemic areas	PCR-RAPD	L. major, L. tropica	KDNA
[120]	2013	Qom province	PCR	L. major	ITS1
[46]	2013	Lorestan Province	Nested-PCR	L. major, L. tropica	kDNA
[73]	2103	Lorestan Province	Smears, Culture, PCR	L. major, L. tropica	ITS
[127]	2013	Khorasan province	Culture, PCR-RAPD	L. tropica	kDNA
[135]	2013	Fasa	PCR	L. major, L. tropica	kDNA
[33]	2014	Yazd	PCR-RFLP	L. major, L. tropica	ITS1
[144]	2014	Isfahan	PCR	L. major	ITS1
[134]	2015	Sarakhs	Smears, PCR	L. major, L. tropica	kDNA
[3]	2015	Khorasan province	Smears, PCR	L. major, L. tropica	kDNA
[53]	2016	Shiraz, Isfahan	Nested-PCR	L. major, L. tropica	kDNA
[140]	2016	Chabahar	PCR	L. major, L. tropica	kDNA
[69]	2017	Ilam province	PCR-RFLP	L. major	ITS1
[123]	2017	Gonabad, Bardaskan, Kashmar	PCR	L. major, L. tropica	kDNA
[23]	2017	Varamin	PCR-RFLP	L. major, L. tropica	ITS1
[42]	2018	Bam, Kerman, Shiraz	PCR-RFLP	L. major, L. tropica	kDNA
[19]	2018	Kerman and Bam	Culture, PCR	L. tropica	ITS1, 7SL RNA, Hsp70
[155]	2019	Sistan and Baluchestan	Culture, PCR-RFLP	L. major, L. tropica	ITS

¹Immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT).

²Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), PCR-SSCP.

³Polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP).

⁴Polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

⁵Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).

⁶Polymerase chain reaction random amplified polymorphic DNA (PCR-RAPD)

⁷Internal transcribed spacer (ITS).

⁸kinetoplast DNA (kDNA).