TABLE 1.

Main instruments of online learning platforms and websites.

Author	Object	Sample/target	Measurement	Indicators	Category
					Content quality	Technical quality	Service quality
Hassanzadeh et al., 2012	Measurement of e-learning systems success model (MELSS)	33 experts, and 369 instructors, students, and alumni from five universities	5-point scale, quantitative	Technical system quality, educational system quality, content and information quality, service quality	√	√	√
ÖZkan et al., 2020	Evaluation criteria of search engine optimization (SEO)	70 Turkish industrial engineering departments’ websites	Quantitative form, qualitative/quantitative	Performance, design, content, meta tags, backlink, technical		√
Velasquez and Evans, 2018	A website’s assessment spreadsheet protocol	46 postgraduate students	A spreadsheet protocol, quantitative	Accessibility of websites, available online resources, library staff’s responses	√	√	√
Liu et al., 2011	Evaluation criteria for Web usability of English learning websites	160 university students and seven learning technology and English teaching experts	The derived criteria combined with a checklist, qualitative/quantitative	Web usability, learning materials, functionality of assisting language learning, technology integration, and learner preferences	√	√	√
Yang and Chan, 2008	Set of evaluation criteria for English learning websites	Eight students and eight English teachers selected from junior high schools, 17 experts	4-point scale, qualitative/quantitative	General information, integrated English learning, listening, speaking, reading, and writing	√