Table 3.

Studies of Balance in PwCOPD Using Non-Biomechanical Tests

Study	Subjects	Conditions	Findings
Beauchamp, et al24	23 PwCOPD fallers 16 PwCOPD non-fallers	BBS ABC scale TUG	Poorer performance on the BBS, less confidence as reported on the ABC, and longer time to complete TUG in fallers compared to non-fallers
Chauvin, et al176	34 PwCOPD fallers 38 PwCOPD non-fallers	BESTest	Balance subcomponent that could identify fallers from non-fallers was stability limits/verticality
Jácome, et al40	49 mild PwCOPD 63 moderate PwCOPD 48 severe PwCOPD	TUG	Those with severe to very severe disease took significantly longer to complete the TUG compared to moderate and mild disease Compared to reference values, those aged 70+ took longer to complete the TUG
Janssens, et al56	18 PwCOPD 18 controls	EC Sit-to-Stand-to-Sit	Required 46% more time to complete five sit-to-stand-to-sit due to longer stand and stand-to-sit phases
Voica, et al35	13 Emphysematous PwCOPD 14 Bronchitic COPD 17 controls	ABC BBS TUG SLS	All COPD had worse balance compared to controls Bronchitic PwCOPD had less confidence (lower ABC), shorter single leg stance times, took longer to complete the TUG compared to emphysemateous PwCOPD
Tudorache, et al9	22 stable PwCOPD 19 PwCOPD & exacerbation 20 controls	FES BBS TUG SLS	All COPD had worse balance compared to controls Balance was worse for those experiencing exacerbation compared to those with stable COPD for all measures

Abbreviations: BBS, Berg Balance Scale; ABC, Activity-specific balance confidence scale; TUG, Timed Up and Go; SLS, Single limb stance time; FES, Falls efficacy scale.