Fig. 1.

iTHER program workflow and cohort demographics. (A) Detailed iTHER pipeline is depicted. ∗ After consent, samples are processed and sequenced utilising INFORM and/or Máxima pipeline. Curated and prioritised events are discussed at the Molecular Tumour Board to identify molecularly matched treatment options. ∗ Created with BioRender.com. (B) iTHER cohort consisting of 302 samples from 253 patients with relapsed, refractory, or high-risk newly diagnosed paediatric cancer. The innermost ring visualises disease distribution by the three main categories: extracranial solid tumour (Solid tumour), Central Nervous System tumour (CNS) and Haematopoietic Malignancies (HM). The outer ring represents the frequency of samples within each subtype: neuroblastoma (NBL), osteosarcoma (OS), rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), other sarcoma (Sarcoma other), other solid tumours (Other ST), Ewing sarcoma, Wilms tumour (Wilms), malignant rhabdoid tumour (MRT) and extracranial germ cell tumour (GCT); high-grade glioma (HGG), other CNS tumours (Other CNS), medulloblastoma (Medullo), Ependymoma; acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), and lymphoma (Lymphoma). (C) Age distribution of the cohort, highlighting stage of disease: primary high-risk disease, primary refractory disease, relapse, and secondary malignancy.