Table 10. Prevalence (95%CI) of inadequate micronutrient intakes among women according to region in the National Dietary Survey 2017–2018.
| Nutrients | Age group | Region | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| North | Northeast | South | Southeast | Midwest | ||
| % (95%CI) | % (95%CI) | % (95%CI) | % (95%CI) | % (95%CI) | ||
| Calcium (mg) | ||||||
| Adolescents | 99.4 (99.0–99.8) | 99.3 (98.8–99.7) | 98.8 (98.4–99.1) | 98.5 (97.8–99.3) | 99.0 (98.4–99.6) | |
| Adults | 97.2 (96.5–97.8) | 97.2 (96.5–97.8) | 95.7 (95.5–95.9) | 95.0 (94.2–95.8) | 96.3 (95.6–96.9) | |
| Elderly | 99.1 (98.8–99.4) | 99.0 (98.9–99.1) | 98.4 (98.2–98.5) | 97.8 (97.5–98.1) | 98.6 (98.4–98.8) | |
| Magnesium (mg) | ||||||
| Adolescents | 68.9 (66.4–71.4) | 65.5 (63.0–68.1) | 66.0 (63.3–68.6) | 61.2 (57.8–64.6) | 54.7 (50.5–58.8) | |
| Adults | 74.0 (72.9–75.1) | 70.6 (68.9–72.3) | 69.7 (66.7–72.6) | 65.6 (62.7–68.6) | 58.5 (55.4–61.6) | |
| Elderly | 77.0 (74.2–79.8) | 74.8 (72.4–77.3) | 74.0 (72.9–75.2) | 69.3 (67.0–71.5) | 62.8 (58.7–66.9) | |
| Phosphorus (mg) | ||||||
| Adolescents | 75.0 (71.0–79.0) | 72.4 (68.0–76.8) | 70.7 (65.8–75.6) | 67.8 (64.0–71.6) | 69.0 (63.0–74.9) | |
| Adults | 14.7 (13.4–15.9) | 13.3 (12.1–14.6) | 12.8 (11.7–13.9) | 11.2 (10.2–12.3) | 11.7 (8.6–14.8) | |
| Elderly | 21.6 (19.2–24.1) | 19.5 (16.9–22.1) | 18.8 (17.9–19.6) | 16.5 (14.6–18.4) | 17.6 (13.6–21.7) | |
| Copper (mg) | ||||||
| Adolescents | 8.6 (7.5–9.7) | 4.6 (4.3–4.9) | 7.2 (6.0–8.3) | 9.8 (8.6–11.1) | 3.8 (3.2–4.3) | |
| Adults | 13.3 (12.0–14.6) | 7.3 (6.6–8.1) | 11.5 (10.8–12.1) | 15.1 (13.7–16.4) | 6.2 (5.3–7.1) | |
| Elderly | 14.3 (11.8–16.9) | 8.3 (6.7–9.9) | 12.6 (11.0–14.2) | 16.3 (14.2–18.3) | 6.9 (5.4–8.4) | |
| Zinc (mg) | ||||||
| Adolescents | 22.9 (18.7–27.1) | 23.6 (20.5–26.8) | 31.8 (28.8–34.9) | 20.3 (19.1–21.4) | 14.5 (12.0–17.0) | |
| Adults | 18.8 (14.3–23.2) | 20.3 (18.0–22.6) | 27.8 (25.6–29.9) | 17.2 (16.3–18.1) | 12.0 (9.8–14.2) | |
| Elderly | 27.3 (22.4–32.2) | 28.6 (25.8–31.4) | 37.5 (34.5–40.5) | 24.4 (22.7–26.0) | 18.3 (15.8–20.9) | |
| Vitamin A (mcg)a | ||||||
| Adolescents | 85.3 (81.5–89.2) | 79.4 (75.0–83.7) | 78.4 (76.1–80.6) | 73.5 (68.2–78.7) | 77.8 (69.6–86.0) | |
| Adults | 86.9 (85.9–87.8) | 80.8 (79.6–82.1) | 79.9 (77.2–82.5) | 75.6 (74.2–77.1) | 79.9 (74.4–85.3) | |
| Elderly | 80.0 (77.5–82.5) | 73.3 (71.1–75.5) | 72.6 (71.3–74.0) | 66.8 (64.5–69.1) | 72.2 (65.0–79.4) | |
| Thiamine (mg) | ||||||
| Adolescents | 54.2 (51.0–57.5) | 42.8 (40.5–45.1) | 38.6 (36.8–40.3) | 29.2 (25.0–33.3) | 42.9 (41.2–44.5) | |
| Adults | 75.8 (73.7–77.9) | 65.2 (63.3–67.1) | 60.6 (59.7–61.4) | 49.7 (45.8–53.6) | 65.7 (64.4–67.0) | |
| Elderly | 79.5 (77.3–81.8) | 70.5 (68.7–72.2) | 66.2 (65.6–66.9) | 54.5 (51.4–57.7) | 70.5 (69.2–71.9) | |
| Riboflavin (mg) | ||||||
| Adolescents | 50.4 (44.5–56.4) | 40.8 (35.8–45.8) | 36.9 (30.2–43.5) | 36.6 (31.1–42.1) | 46.6 (41.6–51.6) | |
| Adults | 62.2 (59.7–64.7) | 52.6 (51.5–53.6) | 48.2 (46.0–50.4) | 48.3 (46.4–50.2) | 59.2 (58.0–60.4) | |
| Elderly | 57.9 (53.9–61.9) | 47.8 (46.0–49.6) | 43.9 (41.7–46.2) | 43.3 (42.0–44.6) | 54.6 (52.5–56.7) | |
| Pyridoxine (mg) | ||||||
| Adolescents | 79.9 (76.4–83.4) | 76.0 (72.4–79.6) | 74.7 (71.4–78.1) | 70.9 (66.5–75.3) | 81.1 (78.2–83.9) | |
| Adults | 93.9 (93.2–94.6) | 92.2 (90.7–93.7) | 91.4 (90.9–91.9) | 89.6 (88.3–90.9) | 94.8 (94.3–95.2) | |
| Elderly | 97.9 (97.3–98.4) | 97.0 (96.2–97.9) | 96.6 (96.2–97.1) | 95.4 (94.7–96.2) | 98.2 (97.8–98.5) | |
| Cobalamin (mcg) | ||||||
| Adolescents | 4.2 (1.8–6.6) | 10.0 (5.5–14.5) | 15.7 (10.8–20.7) | 11.0 (6.5–15.5) | 7.4 (4.0–10.9) | |
| Adults | 6.1 (4.6–7.6) | 14.8 (11.8–17.8) | 22.2 (21.0–23.5) | 15.9 (13.5–18.3) | 11.1 (9.2–13.1) | |
| Elderly | 7.9 (5.7–10.0) | 17.8 (13.5–22.1) | 26.3 (23.7–28.8) | 18.8 (14.9–22.7) | 14.0 (10.6–17.3) | |
| Vitamin D (mcg)b | ||||||
| Adolescents | 99.8 (99.7–100) | 99.9 (99.9–99.9) | 99.9 (99.9–100) | 99.8 (99.8–99.9) | 99.9 (99.8–99.9) | |
| Adults | 100 (99.9–100) | 100 (100–100) | 100 (99.9–100) | 99.9 (99.9–100) | 99.9 (99.9–100) | |
| Elderly | 100 (100–100) | 100 (100–100) | 100 (100–100) | 100 (99.9–100) | 100 (99.9–100) | |
| Vitamin E (mg)c | ||||||
| Adolescents | 89.1 (83.8–94.5) | 96.0 (95.1–97.0) | 93.4 (91.5–95.3) | 94.8 (93.5–9.06) | 92.3 (91.0–93.6) | |
| Adults | 94.1 (91.0–97.2) | 98.3 (98.0–98.7) | 96.6 (95.6–97.6) | 97.5 (97.0–97.9) | 96.3 (95.8–96.9) | |
| Elderly | 95.9 (92.7–99.2) | 98.9 (98.6–99.2) | 97.9 (97.2–98.6) | 98.3 (97.9–98.6) | 97.5 (97.0–97.9) | |
| Vitamin C (mg) | ||||||
| Adolescents | 37.5 (32.3–42.7) | 30.9 (26.1–35.8) | 29.2 (25.5–32.9) | 20.0 (17.1–22.9) | 28.0 (24.7–31.4) | |
| Adults | 48.0 (44.0–51.9) | 40.8 (38.5–43.1) | 38.9 (37.0–40.8) | 27.9 (25.4–30.5) | 37.6 (35.6–39.6) | |
| Elderly | 45.2 (41.0–49.4) | 38.4 (36.0–40.9) | 36.6 (33.4–39.8) | 25.5 (21.7–29.2) | 35.2 (32.7–37.7) | |
a
Retinol activity equivalent (RAE).
b
Ergocalciterol (D2) + cholecalciferol (D3).
c
Total alpha-tocopherol.