Table 3. Prevalence (95%CI) of inadequate micronutrient intakes among men according to per capita household income in the National Dietary Survey 2008–2009.
| Nutrients | Age group | Per capita income | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| < 0.5 SM | 0.5–1 MW | 1–2 MW | > 2 MW | ||
| % (95%CI) | % (95%CI) | % (95%CI) | % (95%CI) | ||
| Calcium (mg) | |||||
| Adolescents | 99.3 (98.9–99.6) | 98.5 (98.3–98.8) | 97.2 (96.4–98.0) | 92.4 (90.9–94.0) | |
| Adults | 96.7 (96.1–97.3) | 94.2 (93.8–94.7) | 90.7 (89.6–91.8) | 80.7 (78.5–83.0) | |
| Elderly | 98.4 (97.9–98.9) | 96.8 (96.1–97.4) | 95.1 (94.5–95.7) | 87.4 (85.1–89.7) | |
| Magnesium (mg) | |||||
| Adolescents | 50.0 (45.2–54.8) | 51.0 (48.1–53.9) | 48.1 (45.6–50.5) | 53.3 (50.3–56.2) | |
| Adults | 71.1 (69.1–73.1) | 65.3 (62.8–67.7) | 63.6 (62.5–64.7) | 66.6 (64.4–68.9) | |
| Elderly | 81.4 (77.0–85.9) | 76.4 (72.4–80.4) | 76.1 (72.3–79.9) | 77.6 (76.1–79.0) | |
| Phosphorus (mg) | |||||
| Adolescents | 62.2 (60.0–64.3) | 50.3 (48.1–52.6) | 45.4 (42.6–48.1) | 36.1 (33.5–38.7) | |
| Adults | 5.6 (4.9–6.3) | 3.3 (2.4–4.2) | 2.5 (2.1–3.0) | 1.5 (1.1–1.9) | |
| Elderly | 13.4 (10.8–16.1) | 8.2 (6.7–9.7) | 7.2 (5.6–8.7) | 4.1 (3.6–4.6) | |
| Copper (mg) | |||||
| Adolescents | 3.6 (2.7–4.4) | 2.9 (2.5–3.4) | 2.7 (2.1–3.3) | 3.5 (3.0–3.9) | |
| Adults | 4.6 (3.7–5.5) | 3.3 (2.9–3.8) | 3.3 (2.7–4.0) | 3.7 (3.1–4.4) | |
| Elderly | 8.4 (5.5–11.4) | 6.0 (4.2–7.7) | 6.4 (4.0–8.8) | 6.3 (5.0–7.5) | |
| Zinc (mg) | |||||
| Adolescents | 21.4 (16.2–26.6) | 15.3 (13.9–16.7) | 14.0 (12.1–16.0) | 14.0 (12.6–15.4) | |
| Adults | 30.3 (28.2–32.4) | 22.1 (19.7–24.5) | 20.8 (19.7–22.0) | 20.1 (18.2–22.0) | |
| Elderly | 44.4 (40.4–48.4) | 34.0 (31.3–36.7) | 34.3 (31.6–37.0) | 31.0 (26.6–35.4) | |
| Vitamin A (mcg)a | |||||
| Adolescents | 87.0 (82.1–91.9) | 81.6 (79.0–84.3) | 76.0 (73.8–78.2) | 61.6 (58.7–64.6) | |
| Adults | 95.2 (93.4–96.9) | 90.2 (88.7–91.7) | 86.6 (84.7–88.4) | 73.9 (70.9–76.9) | |
| Elderly | 96.1 (93.9–98.2) | 92.3 (90.6–93.9) | 88.8 (87.5–90.2) | 77.1 (74.3–79.9) | |
| Thiamine (mg) | |||||
| Adolescents | 52.8 (45.3–60.3) | 41.6 (38.6–44.6) | 34.5 (32.6–36.5) | 28.5 (25.9–31.1) | |
| Adults | 78.0 (74.9–81.0) | 64.4 (60.9–67.8) | 57.9 (55.8–60.0) | 49.6 (43.9–55.2) | |
| Elderly | 87.8 (84.4–91.3) | 77.2 (74.4–80.1) | 72.0 (68.0–76.0) | 62.8 (59.9–65.8) | |
| Riboflavin (mg) | |||||
| Adolescents | 42.8 (35.6–50.0) | 30.6 (26.3–34.9) | 25.5 (22.8–28.3) | 20.1 (17.7–22.6) | |
| Adults | 65.7 (61.1–70.2) | 49.3 (46.9–51.7) | 43.8 (42.3–45.2) | 35.7 (32.9–38.6) | |
| Elderly | 71.3 (68.1–74.5) | 54.9 (50.9–58.9) | 49.9 (47.7–52.2) | 39.8 (36.1–43.6) | |
| Pyridoxine (mg) | |||||
| Adolescents | 81.5 (78.1–84.8) | 71.3 (69.1–73.4) | 64.6 (62.3–67.0) | 55.2 (52.7–57.6) | |
| Adults | 92.9 (91.1–94.6) | 85.1 (82.1–88.1) | 81.4 (77.9–84.8) | 73.6 (68.2–79.0) | |
| Elderly | 99.5 (99.2–99.8) | 97.8 (97.2–98.5) | 97.0 (96.3–97.8) | 94.0 (92.5–95.6) | |
| Cobalamin (mcg) | |||||
| Adolescents | 7.6 (5.2–9.9) | 6.6 (4.7–8.5) | 5.4 (3.9–7.0) | 3.8 (2.6–4.9) | |
| Adults | 8.1 (6–10.3) | 6.4 (5.1–7.8) | 5.5 (4.4–6.7) | 3.5 (2.5–4.6) | |
| Elderly | 12.8 (10.9–14.6) | 9.8 (7.7–12) | 9.2 (7.7–10.7) | 5.3 (3.5–7.1) | |
| Vitamin D (mcg)b | |||||
| Adolescents | 99.5 (99.3–99.7) | 99.5 (99.4–99.6) | 99.3 (99.1–99.6) | 98.9 (98.5–99.2) | |
| Adults | 99.7 (99.6–99.9) | 99.7 (99.5–99.8) | 99.7 (99.5–99.8) | 99.3 (99.0–99.7) | |
| Elderly | 99.9 (99.7–100) | 99.8 (99.7–100) | 99.7 (99.6–99.9) | 99.6 (99.3–99.9) | |
| Vitamin E (mg)c | |||||
| Adolescents | 91.5 (89.2–93.7) | 90.3 (89.2–91.4) | 89.8 (88.6–91.1) | 90.1 (89.3–90.9) | |
| Adults | 95.3 (94.7–95.8) | 93.3 (92.0–94.6) | 93.4 (93.2–93.7) | 93.1 (92.1–94.1) | |
| Elderly | 97.3 (96.5–98.2) | 96.0 (95.3–96.7) | 96.4 (95.9–96.8) | 95.7 (94.4–96.9) | |
| Vitamin C (mg) | |||||
| Adolescents | 43.8 (40.6–46.9) | 35.2 (33.4–36.9) | 27.5 (25.9–29.1) | 17.8 (16.1–19.5) | |
| Adults | 64.2 (61.3–67.2) | 51.5 (49.3–53.6) | 43.1 (41.2–45.1) | 29.3 (27.4–31.2) | |
| Elderly | 69.8 (65.6–74.0) | 57.3 (54.6–59.9) | 48.7 (46.3–51.2) | 33.2 (30.1–36.3) | |
a
Retinol activity equivalent (RAE).
b
Ergocalciterol (D2) + cholecalciferol (D3).
c
Total alpha-tocopherol.