Table 5. Prevalence (95%CI) of inadequate micronutrient intakes among men according to per capita household income in the National Dietary Survey 2017–2018.
| Nutrients | Age group | Per capita income | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| < 0.5 MW | 0.5–1 MW | 1–2 MW | > 2 MW | ||
| Calcium (mg) | |||||
| Adolescents | 99.6 (99.5–99.8) | 99.0 (98.9–99.2) | 97.8 (97.3–98.3) | 93.1 (92.1–94.2) | |
| Adults | 98.1 (97.7–98.5) | 95.8 (95.2–96.4) | 91.7 (90.4–93.0) | 81.9 (79.8–83.9) | |
| Elderly | 99.2 (99.0–99.5) | 98.2 (97.8–98.7) | 96.6 (95.5–97.6) | 90.2 (89.1–91.3) | |
| Magnesium (mg) | |||||
| Adolescents | 57.4 (54.7–60.1) | 51.8 (48.6–54.9) | 53.9 (47.7–60.0) | 53.1 (45.4–60.9) | |
| Adults | 73.9 (70.1–77.7) | 67.4 (65.6–69.3) | 68.4 (64.7–72.0) | 69.1 (66.8–71.4) | |
| Elderly | 83.7 (81.2–86.3) | 78.9 (77.7–80.1) | 80.9 (77.9–83.8) | 80.5 (78.7–82.2) | |
| Phosphorus (mg) | |||||
| Adolescents | 63.1 (59.7–66.4) | 51.8 (48.6–55.0) | 45.5 (41–50.0) | 38.3 (35.0–41.5) | |
| Adults | 4.5 (2.9–6.0) | 2.3 (1.9–2.7) | 1.8 (1.6–2.0) | 1.1 (0.8–1.3) | |
| Elderly | 14 (11.9–16.1) | 9.0 (8.3–9.7) | 7.2 (6.4–8.1) | 4.5 (4–5.1) | |
| Copper (mg) | |||||
| Adolescents | 2.2 (1.7–2.6) | 1.8 (1.4–2.1) | 2.3 (1.6–3.1) | 2.2 (1.5–3.0) | |
| Adults | 2.4 (1.6–3.2) | 2.0 (1.6–2.3) | 2.5 (2.1–3.0) | 2.7 (2.3–3.1) | |
| Elderly | 4.1 (2.7–5.5) | 3.6 (3.0–4.1) | 4.7 (3.9–5.6) | 4.7 (4.3–5.1) | |
| Zinc (mg) | |||||
| Adolescents | 20.6 (17.0–24.3) | 17.6 (14.3–20.9) | 15.5 (14.0–16.9) | 14.1 (11.7–16.5) | |
| Adults | 28.7 (26.4–31.1) | 24.6 (22.8–26.5) | 22.3 (20.3–24.3) | 21.0 (18.5–23.5) | |
| Elderly | 45.3 (41.9–48.8) | 41.1 (38.1–44.1) | 39.4 (37.6–41.2) | 36.5 (35.3–37.7) | |
| Vitamin A (mcg)a | |||||
| Adolescents | 92.7 (90.2–95.3) | 85.8 (82.3–89.3) | 78.6 (73.7–83.4) | 64.6 (60.2–69.0) | |
| Adults | 97.7 (97.1–98.3) | 94.3 (93.6–95.0) | 89.3 (87.8–90.9) | 79.7 (78.1–81.3) | |
| Elderly | 98.1 (97.7–98.6) | 94.7 (93.7–95.8) | 90.2 (88.6–91.8) | 80.7 (78.8–82.6) | |
| Thiamine (mg) | |||||
| Adolescents | 42.6 (37.7–47.6) | 30.1 (27.6–32.6) | 26.5 (24.6–28.5) | 23.2 (21.1–25.3) | |
| Adults | 67.4 (63.7–71.2) | 53.3 (51.9–54.6) | 48.8 (45.8–51.8) | 45.2 (43.2–47.2) | |
| Elderly | 79.7 (77.3–82.1) | 67.6 (65.3–69.9) | 63.9 (59.7–68) | 59.5 (58.2–60.7) | |
| Riboflavin (mg) | |||||
| Adolescents | 46.9 (44.2–49.6) | 35.9 (32.0–39.8) | 31.3 (27.0–35.7) | 25.1 (22.7–27.5) | |
| Adults | 70.4 (68.4–72.4) | 58.3 (56.4–60.3) | 52.8 (49.8–55.8) | 46.1 (43.6–48.6) | |
| Elderly | 75.7 (73.6–77.7) | 64.1 (62.6–65.5) | 58.8 (56.1–61.5) | 51.7 (48.5–54.9) | |
| Pyridoxine (mg) | |||||
| Adolescents | 77.5 (75.6–79.4) | 68.6 (63.4–73.9) | 64.7 (58.8–70.5) | 57.0 (53.1–60.8) | |
| Adults | 90.2 (88.1–92.3) | 84.2 (82.0–86.4) | 81.5 (79.9–83.0) | 77.0 (74.0–79.9) | |
| Elderly | 98.5 (98.2–98.7) | 96.7 (95.7–97.6) | 95.7 (94.8–96.6) | 93.3 (92.4–94.1) | |
| Cobalamin (mcg) | |||||
| Adolescents | 9.2 (7.3–11.1) | 9.0 (7.6–10.5) | 6.3 (5.3–7.3) | 2.6 (1.7–3.5) | |
| Adults | 10.4 (9.2–11.7) | 10.0 (8.5–11.5) | 7.0 (5.1–8.8) | 3.4 (3.0–3.8) | |
| Elderly | 19.8 (17.8–21.8) | 19.8 (17.8–21.8) | 15.1 (12.2–18) | 7.7 (6.9–8.4) | |
| Vitamin D (mcg)b | |||||
| Adolescents | 99.9 (99.9–100) | 99.9 (99.9–99.9) | 99.8 (99.7–99.8) | 99.3 (99–99.5) | |
| Adults | 100 (100–100) | 100 (100–100) | 99.9 (99.9–100) | 99.8 (99.7–99.9) | |
| Elderly | 100 (100–100) | 100 (100–100) | 100 (100–100) | 99.9 (99.9– 100) | |
| Vitamin E (mg)c | |||||
| Adolescents | 91.4 (89.7–93.1) | 89.4 (87.7–91) | 88.3 (85–91.6) | 84.6 (81.0–88.3) | |
| Adults | 94.4 (92.7–96.2) | 92.7 (91.7–93.8) | 91.4 (89.5–93.3) | 89.2 (88.0–90.5) | |
| Elderly | 97.2 (96.0–98.5) | 96.2 (95.3–97.2) | 95.8 (94.6–97) | 94.0 (92.9–95.1) | |
| Vitamin C (mg) | |||||
| Adolescents | 47.7 (41.0–54.5) | 34.1 (31.4–36.7) | 27.6 (24.9–30.2) | 17.8 (16.0–19.7) | |
| Adults | 68.0 (63.9–72.2) | 53.2 (51.7–54.7) | 45.5 (44.3–46.6) | 33.3 (32.1–34.5) | |
| Elderly | 72.8 (70.0–75.5) | 58.5 (55.0–62.1) | 51.3 (48.7–53.8) | 38.0 (34.6–41.3) | |
MW: Minimum Wage.
a
Retinol activity equivalent (RAE).
b
Ergocalciterol (D2) + cholecalciferol (D3).
c
Total alpha-tocopherol.