Table 6. Prevalence (95%CI) of inadequate micronutrient intakes among women according to per capita household income in the National Dietary Survey 2017–2018.
| Nutrients | Age group | Per capita income | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| < 0.5 MW | 0.5–1 MW | 1–2 MW | > 2 MW | ||
| Calcium (mg) | |||||
| Adolescents | 99.8 (99.7–99.9) | 99.5 (99.2–99.8) | 98.8 (98.0–99.6) | 96.1 (95.0–97.1) | |
| Adults | 99.3 (99.2–99.4) | 98.4 (97.9–98.9) | 96.5 (95.3–97.8) | 91.3 (90.6–92.0) | |
| Elderly | 99.9 (99.9–100) | 99.7 (99.7–99.8) | 99.2 (99.0–99.5) | 97.3 (96.9–97.6) | |
| Magnesium (mg) | |||||
| Adolescents | 65.9 (61.7–70.2) | 63.0 (60.7–65.3) | 65.5 (58.9–72.1) | 63.9 (58.9–68.8) | |
| Adults | 73.2 (69.9–76.5) | 67.2 (65.6–68.7) | 67.9 (63.7–72.1) | 68.6 (65.4–71.8) | |
| Elderly | 77.3 (71.6–83.0) | 72.1 (68.4–75.8) | 73.0 (71.3–74.7) | 72.8 (72.3–73.4) | |
| Phosphorus (mg) | |||||
| Adolescents | 80.3 (77.4–83.2) | 70.9 (66.4–75.3) | 66.2 (59.4–73.0) | 57.7 (51.5–64.0) | |
| Adults | 20.9 (18.3–23.5) | 13.9 (12.8–15.0) | 11.3 (9.7–12.9) | 8.2 (7.2–9.2) | |
| Elderly | 32.5 (26.4–38.7) | 23.1 (21.8–24.4) | 19.0 (17.9–20.2) | 13.8 (12.5–15.1) | |
| Copper (mg) | |||||
| Adolescents | 6.2 (5.1–7.3) | 5.9 (5–6.7) | 7.3 (5.4–9.2) | 7.6 (5.1–10.1) | |
| Adults | 10.5 (8.1–13) | 9.2 (8.2–10.2) | 11.0 (10.2–11.9) | 11.6 (10.7–12.4) | |
| Elderly | 11.6 (7.7–15.4) | 10.1 (7.9–12.4) | 12.1 (10.2–14.0) | 12.3 (11.1–13.6) | |
| Zinc (mg) | |||||
| Adolescents | 29.2 (26.7–31.7) | 25.5 (23.6–27.4) | 23.2 (20.3–26.1) | 21.4 (17.5–25.3) | |
| Adults | 26.5 (24.0–28.9) | 23.3 (21.6–25.0) | 21.0 (18.6–23.4) | 20.0 (17.8–22.2) | |
| Elderly | 38.7 (34.6–42.7) | 34.6 (32.5–36.7) | 31.3 (28.4–34.1) | 29.3 (27.0–31.7) | |
| Vitamin A (mcg)a | |||||
| Adolescents | 89.9 (87.3–92.4) | 81.5 (78.7–84.4) | 72.3 (66.8–77.9) | 55.6 (50.9–60.3) | |
| Adults | 93.9 (92.9–95.0) | 87.2 (86.4–88.0) | 78.9 (77.3–80.5) | 64.8 (62.2–67.5) | |
| Elderly | 92.4 (91.4–93.5) | 85.0 (83.7–86.2) | 75.9 (74.1–77.8) | 60.4 (58.4–62.4) | |
| Thiamine (mg) | |||||
| Adolescents | 50.3 (45.1–55.4) | 39.2 (37.3–41.0) | 35.8 (32.4–39.2) | 31.2 (29.4–32.9) | |
| Adults | 75.3 (72.3–78.4) | 63.2 (61.0–65.4) | 58.7 (54.9–62.5) | 55.3 (53.5–57.2) | |
| Elderly | 82.0 (78.8–85.3) | 70.9 (69.4–72.3) | 66.8 (65.0–68.5) | 62.5 (60.5–64.4) | |
| Riboflavin (mg) | |||||
| Adolescents | 50.6 (45.6–55.5) | 39.5 (33.2–45.9) | 34.7 (26.7–42.7) | 28.1 (23.9–32.3) | |
| Adults | 66.5 (63.6–69.3) | 54.6 (51.9–57.4) | 48.5 (44.2–52.8) | 42.0 (40.4–43.6) | |
| Elderly | 65.8 (63.3–68.4) | 53.3 (51.0–55.6) | 46.9 (43.5–50.2) | 39.7 (37.6–41.9) | |
| Pyridoxine (mg) | |||||
| Adolescents | 82.3 (80.3–84.4) | 75.9 (72.6–79.1) | 72.7 (66.6–78.9) | 64.8 (62.0–67.7) | |
| Adults | 96.1 (95.4–96.7) | 93.2 (92.0–94.3) | 91.4 (89.9–92.8) | 88.4 (87.0–89.7) | |
| Elderly | 99.0 (98.7–99.2) | 98.0 (97.5–98.6) | 97.2 (96.4–98.0) | 95.5 (94.8–96.2) | |
| Cobalamin (mcg) | |||||
| Adolescents | 13.1 (9.8–16.3) | 13.3 (9.5–17.1) | 9.9 (5.0–14.9) | 5.1 (2.9–7.3) | |
| Adults | 22.4 (20.1–24.7) | 22.4 (19.9–24.8) | 16.9 (13.6–20.1) | 9.6 (8.6–10.5) | |
| Elderly | 30.9 (26.2–35.6) | 30.5 (26.1–34.8) | 23.5 (18.4–28.5) | 13.7 (12.2–15.2) | |
| Vitamin D (mcg)b | |||||
| Adolescents | 100 (99.9–100) | 99.9 (99.9–100) | 99.9 (99.8–100) | 99.6 (99.5–99.7) | |
| Adults | 100 (100–100) | 100 (100–100) | 100 (100–100) | 99.9 (99.9–99.9) | |
| Elderly | 100 (100–100) | 100 (100–100) | 100 (100–100) | 100 (99.9–100) | |
| Vitamin E (mg)c | |||||
| Adolescents | 94.9 (93.2–96.6) | 94.1 (93.0–95.3) | 93.6 (90.3–96.8) | 91.7 (89.4–93.9) | |
| Adults | 98.2 (97.6–98.8) | 97.5 (96.9–98.1) | 96.9 (95.6–98.1) | 95.8 (94.7–96.8) | |
| Elderly | 98.9 (98.4–99.5) | 98.7 (98.2–99.2) | 98.3 (97.5–99.0) | 97.5 (96.8–98.2) | |
| Vitamin C (mg) | |||||
| Adolescents | 41.4 (33.7–49.1) | 28.6 (25.7–31.6) | 22.9 (20.1–25.8) | 14.1 (12.2–16.1) | |
| Adults | 58.1 (53.4–62.8) | 43.2 (41.5–44.9) | 35.6 (34.1–37.1) | 24.6 (23.2–26.0) | |
| Elderly | 60.2 (54.5–65.9) | 45.0 (42.1–47.9) | 37.4 (34.3–40.5) | 25.8 (23.6–27.9) | |
MW: Minimum Wage.
a
Retinol activity equivalent (RAE).
b
Ergocalciterol (D2) + cholecalciferol (D3).
c
Total alpha-tocopherol.