Table 2.
Cohort-specific descriptive statistics.
| ALSPAC | Generation R | Healthy Startb |
|
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hispanic | Non-Hispanic white | INMA | Project Vivab | |||
| N total | 660 | 1048 | 131 | 257 | 380 | 326 |
| rMED | 8.69 ± 2.83 | 7.79 ± 3.03 | 6.07 ± 2.15 | 6.89 ± 2.43 | 8.01 ± 2.62 | 7.88 ± 2.73 |
| rMEDp excluding alcohol | 8.57 ± 2.77 | 7.73 ± 3.00 | 6.07 ± 2.15 | 6.89 ± 2.43 | 7.98 ± 2.61 | 7.62 ± 2.66 |
| Gender of the child – female | 342 (51.8%) | 523 (49.9%) | 66 (50.4%) | 134 (52.1%) | 185 (48.7%) | 161 (49.4%) |
| Maternal educational levela | ||||||
| Low | 320 (49.5%) | 628 (59.9%) | 77 (59.8%) | 40 (15.6%) | 101 (26.6%) | 79 (24.2%) |
| Medium | - | - | - | - | 162 (42.6%) | - |
| High | 340 (51.5%) | 420 (40.1%) | 54 (41.2%) | 217 (84.4%) | 117 (30.8%) | 247 (75.8%) |
| Maternal age (y) | 29.8 ± 4.4 | 31.7 ± 4.1 | 24.5 ± 5.7 | 29.6 ± 5.1 | 31.6 ± 4.1 | 33.7 ± 4.5 |
| Maternal smokinga | ||||||
| No smoking during pregnancy | 589 (89.2%) | 801 (76.4%) | 113 (86.3%) | 216 (84.0%) | 269 (70.8%) | 429 (97.0%) |
| Smoked, stopped before 2nd trimester | - | 103 (9.8%) | 7 (5.3%) | 19 (7.4%) | 58 (15.3%) | 29 (8.9%) |
| Smoked throughout pregnancy | 71 (10.8%) | 144 (13.7%) | 11 (8.4%) | 22 (8.6%) | 53 (13.9%) | - |
| Maternal BMI (kg/m2) | 22.8 ± 3.7 | 23.4 ± 3.9 | 28.6 ± 8.4 | 24.4 ± 5.4 | 23.8 ± 4.4 | 24.3 ± 9.4 |
| Maternal total energy intake (kcal/d) | 1754 ± 456 | 2156 ± 496 | 2000 ± 885 | 2076 ± 599 | 2069 ± 483 | 2119 ± 566 |
| Vegetables | ||||||
| g/d | 135.8 ± 69.4 | 154.1 ± 62.5 | - | - | 243.4 ± 122.9 | - |
| Servings/d | - | - | 1.07 ± 0.66 | 1.25 ± 0.71 | - | 2.81 ± 1.54 |
| Legumes | ||||||
| g/d | 53.9 ± 34.0 | 4.2 ± 6.1 | - | - | 30.8 ± 22.2 | - |
| Servings/d | - | - | 0.17 ± 0.30 | 0.11 ± 0.18 | - | 0.17 ± 0.30 |
| Fruit and nuts | ||||||
| g/d | 110.8 ± 55.2 | 204.5 ± 113.1 | - | - | 263.1 ± 177.4 | - |
| Servings/d | - | - | 2.02 ± 2.14 | 2.64 ± 1.78 | - | 3.47 ± 1.69 |
| Fish (g/d)b | ||||||
| g/d | 36.5 ± 29.4 | 13.2 ± 11.9 | - | - | 55.4 ± 32.1 | - |
| Servings/d | - | - | 0.65 ± 1.74 | 0.32 ± 0.75 | - | 0.23 ± 0.19 |
| Cereals (g/d)b | ||||||
| g/d | 239.42 ± 120.70 | 207.2 ± 73.9 | - | - | 159.5 ± 56.5 | - |
| Servings/d | - | - | 6.56 ± 3.32 | 6.93 ± 2.52 | - | 4.08 ± 1.89 |
| Meat (g/d)b | ||||||
| g/d | 70.1 ± 40.2 | 83.9 ± 39.1 | - | - | 128.9 ± 48.9 | - |
| Servings/d | - | - | 3.80 ± 2.90 | 3.03 ± 2.03 | - | 1.10 ± 0.65 |
| Dairy (g/d)b | ||||||
| g/d | 391.7 ± 157.3 | 479.0 ± 247.6 | - | - | 411.2 ± 219.7 | - |
| Servings/d | - | - | 1.83 ± 1.25 | 2.34 ± 1.39 | - | 3.42 ± 1.58 |
| Olive oil (g/d)b | ||||||
| g/d | 0.08 ± 0.08 | 5.5 ± 5.0 | - | - | 23.9 ± 12.3 | - |
| Servings/d | - | - | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.21 ± 0.90 | 0.11 ± 0.29 | |
| Alcohol (g/d)b | 1.2 ± 3.0 | 0.9 ± 2.0 | 0.01 ± 0.07 | 0.10 ± 0.46 | 0.3 ± 1.4 | 2.43 ± 2.89 |
| Alcohol intake of 5–25 g/d | 39 (5.9%) | 32 (3.1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (1.6%) | 43 (13.2%) |
Results presented as mean ± SD or N (%)
aCohorts used their preferred categories for maternal educational level and maternal smoking during pregnancy. Please see the cohort-specific methods for these descriptions.
bHealthy Start used servings/1000 kcal/d and Project Viva used servings/d instead of g/1000 kcal/d as in the original rMED definition and as was used in the other cohorts.