Table 2.
Linear regression models linking male epigenetic clocks at 20–22 years of age to birth weight (adjusted for gestational age) and their mother’s arm fat area (MAFA) during pregnancya.
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Full model | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Horvath | |||||
| Birth weight | 0.012 (0.306) | 0.029 (0.308) | |||
| MAFA | −0.011 (0.024) | −0.012 (0.024) | |||
| Model adj. R2 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
| Hannum | |||||
| Birth weight | −0.660 (0.277)** | −0.620 (0.279)** | |||
| MAFA | −0.033 (0.021) | −0.027 (0.022) | |||
| Model adj. R2 | 0.019 | 0.015 | 0.019 | ||
| DNAmTL | |||||
| Birth weight | 0.025 (0.011)** | 0.025 (0.011)** | |||
| MAFA | 0.012 (0.003)**** −0.0003 |
0.012 (0.003)**** −0.0003 |
|||
| MAFA[2] | (0.00008)**** | (0.00008)**** | |||
| Model adj. R2 | 0.048 | 0.057 | 0.061 | ||
| DNAmPhenoAge | |||||
| Birth weight | −0.907 (0.318)*** | −0.902 (0.321)*** | |||
| MAFA | −0.011 (0.025) | −0.003 (0.025) | |||
| Model adj. R2 | 0.018 | 0.009 | 0.017 | ||
| DNAmGrimAge | |||||
| Birth weight | −0.314 (0.200) | −0.343 (0.202)* | |||
| MAFA | 0.017 (0.015) | 0.02 (0.016) | |||
| Model adj. R2 | 0.057 | 0.056 | 0.058 | ||
| DunedinPACE | |||||
| Birth weight | −0.019 (0.008)** | −0.019 (0.008)** | |||
| MAFA | 0.0004 (0.0006) | 0.0005 (0.0006) | |||
| Model adj. R2 | 0.031 | 0.026 | 0.031 | ||
aregression coefficients (SE). All models adjust for adult BMI, highest grade completed, household income, and daily smoking (see Supplemental Tables 2–9 for full models). *p<0.1 **p<0.05 ***p<0.01 ****p<0.0002. Because DNAmTL related to MAFA in a curvilinear fashion in males, a quadratic term (MAFA [2]) was included in models predicting DNAmTL (p < 0.0007 for joint F test for MAFA and MAFA [2] in Models 2 and 3)