Table 2.

Characteristics Associated with Exercise-Related Acute Cardiac Events.^*.

Clinical status

•Multiple myocardial infarctions •Impaired left ventricular function (ejection fraction <35%) •Rest or unstable angina pectoris •Serious dysrhythmias at rest •High-grade left anterior descending coronary lesions and/or significant (≥75% occlusion) multivessel atherosclerosis on angiography

Exercise training participation

•Disregard for appropriate warm-up and cool down •Consistently exceeds prescribed training heart rate (i.e., intensity violators) •Infrequent exerciser

Exercise test data

•Low and high exercise tolerance (≤4 METs or ≥10 METs) •Chronotropic impairment off drugs •Inotropic impairment (exertional hypotension with increasing workloads) •Myocardial ischemia (angina and/or ST depression ≥0.2 mV) •Malignant cardiac dysrhythmias (especially in patients with impaired left ventricular function)

Other

•Cigarette smoker •Male sex •Obese

Hyperlipidemic

^⁎Adapted from references [62, 69].