Table 1.

Compilation of SASP components, beneficial effects of SASP, and senescence-related pathways

Composition of SASP	Inflammatory cytokines, immune modulators, growth factors, proteases, exosomes, ectosomes … (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TGF-β1, TGF-β3, IL-12, IL-10, TNF…)
Benefits of SASP	SASP can help signal immune cells to achieve senescent cell clearance, and specific SASP factors secreted by senescent cells attract and activate different components of the innate and adaptive immune systems; SASP recruit macrophages to remove cancer cells; SASP factors can maintain senescent cells in a growth-arrested senescent state, thereby preventing carcinogenesis; SASP can promote wound healing; SASP can promote tissue remodeling…
Senescence pathways	DNA damage response → ATR → p53 → p21 → Cyclin → pRB → SAHF → HP1; DNA damage response → ATM → p53 → p21 → Cyclin → pRB → cell cycle arrest; Oncogenic RAS → ROS → ERK → ETS → p16 → Cyclin → pRB → cell cycle arrest; Oncogenic RAS → ROS → ERK → P38/MAPK → p53 → p21 → Cyclin → pRB → cell cycle arrest; mTOR → p53 → p21 → CDK2 → RB1…