Table 2.

Review of studies using ERT to estimate the volume of mining wastes for valorization

References	Country / State	TSF / WRP	ERT setup	Remarks
Florsch et al. (2012)	France Occitanie	WRP Slag heap	pseudo-3D ERT 25m x 18m	3D imaging of a slag heap for estimation of archaeological metal production (130 tons)
Günther and Martin (2016)	Germany Lower-Saxony	WRP Slag heap	2D ERT line 42m	Use of ERT and SIP to map mineralized areas for reuse
Saladich et al. (2016)	Spain Catalonia	TSF	2D ERT lines (x10) 50m to 100m	Threshold in $\rho$ to discriminate bedrock, cover and tailings
Markovaara-Koivisto et al. (2018)	Finland Western Finland	TSF	pseudo-3D ERT 200m x 300m	Threshold in $\rho$ to identify high-grade copper wastes LIDAR data for volume
Nikonow et al. (2019)	Chile Santiago	TSF	2D ERT lines (x13) 120m to 1300m	3D distribution of fine/coarse grained tailings Correlation with copper
Martin et al. (2020)	Germany Lower-Saxony	WRP	2D ERT lines (x27) 25m to 99m	Sampling data to estimate threshold in $\rho$ for wastes with economic potential
Martínez-Segura et al. (2020)	Spain Murcia	TSF	2D ERT lines (x16) 85m to 215m	Thresholds in $\rho$ to estimate depth of wastes and volume estimation with LIDAR data