Table 3.

Review of some studies using ERT to characterize mining wastes and storage facilities

References	Country	TSF / WRP	ERT setup	Remarks
Poisson et al. (2009)	Canada Quebec	WRP	pseudo-3D ERT 36m x 30m	Identification of fine-grained and coarse-grained layers Validation with two trenches
Anterrieu et al. (2010)	Canada Quebec	WRP	2D ERT lines (x12) 26m to 160m	Large-scale internal structure of WRP from ERT inversions History of WRP construction
Martinez et al. (2014)	Spain Andalucia	TSF	2D ERT lines (x2) 400m to 480m	Large-scale internal structure of TSF and assessment of environmental risk
Booterbaugh et al. (2015)	Canada Alberta	TSF	2D ERT lines (x3) 600m to 800m	Comparison of TL-ERT with direct measurements of water content and EC Identification of water table
Martínez et al. (2016)	Spain Andalucia	TSF	2D ERT line 290m	Combined ERT and hydrogeochemical internal characterization of TSF
Epov et al. (2017)	Russia Kemerovo	TSF	2D ERT lines (x3) 235m	Mapping of reactive tailings Relationship between $\rho$ - $\theta$, sulfide content and TDS
Greer et al. (2017)	United States Virginia	WRP Valley fill	2D TL-ERT lines 90m to 315m	TL-monitoring of water infiltration (artificial event) Hydrogeological behavior
Yurkevich et al. (2017)	Russia Kemerovo	TSF	2D ERT lines (x6) 14m to 33m	Delineation of oxidized tailings with ERT $\rho$ - pH relationship
Martín-Crespo et al. (2018)	Spain Murcia	TSF	2D ERT lines (x6) 165m to 260m	TSF history and tailing volumes estimated from ERT and aerial photogrammetry
Power et al. (2018)	Canada Nova-Scotia	WRP	2D ERT lines (x7) 140m to 365m pseudo-3D ERT 140m x 80m	Internal composition of WRP Validation with logging Delineation of AMD and future sources of AMD
Hester et al. (2019)	United States Virginia	WRP Valley fill	2D TL-ERT lines 45m to 422m	TL-monitoring of water infiltration (artificial event) Hydrogeological behavior
Martín-Crespo et al. (2019)	Spain	TSF	Multiple 2D ERT 45m to 500m	Review of ERT imaging for 7 abandoned TSF in Spain
Vásconez-Maza et al. (2019)	Spain Murcia	WRP/TSF	2D ERT lines (x4) 90m to 215m	Prediction of Chromium content from $\rho$ values with $\rho$ - Cr in-situ relationship
Gabarrón et al. (2020)	Spain Murcia	TSF	2D ERT lines (x7) 10m to 180m	Systematic sampling and high-resolution ERT to assess various relationships
Canales et al. (2020)	Australia South Australia	TSF	2D ERT line 410m	Sampling of tailings to assess petrophysical relationship with fluid EC and saturation
Vásconez-Maza et al. (2020)	Spain Murcia	WRP/TSF	2D ERT lines (x8) 90m to 215m	Classification of wastes with PCA (Principal Component Analysis) of ERT results