Table 6.

Review of studies using ERT to evaluate mining wastes reclamation efficiency

References	Country / State	TSF / WRP	ERT setup	Remarks
Rucker et al. (2009a)	United States Montana	WRP/TSF Open-pit	pseudo-3D ERT 600m x 500m	3D delineation of AMD in a reclaimed TSF validation with sampling
Martín-Crespo et al. (2010)	Spain Andalucia	TSF	2D ERT lines (x6) 50m to 190m	Identification of acidic water flows in the TSF ($\rho <1\mathrm{\Omega }$m) Good performance of sealing
Maqsoud et al. (2011)	Canada Quebec	TSF	2D ERT line 30m	Accumulation of water in the retention layer of a cover with capillary barrier effects
Acosta et al. (2014)	Spain Murcia	TSF	2D ERT lines (x9) 175m to 355m	Evidence of erosion of the cover layers (wind or water) Good quality of bedrock
Villain et al. (2015)	Sweden Norrbotten	WRP Open-pit	2D ERT lines (x4) 200m to 280m	Existence of seepage within a dry cover, risk of erosion
Cortada et al. (2017)	Spain Andalucia	TSF	2D ERT lines (x4) 190m to 315m	High-moisture zones interpreted as faults in the insulation of the tailings
Dimech et al. (2018)	Canada Quebec	WRP	3D TL-ERT 60m x 10m x 7m	Moisture content monitoring in a reclamation cover Laboratory calibration
Dimech et al. (2019)	Canada Quebec	WRP	3D TL-ERT 60m x 10m x 7m	Monitoring of water flows in an experimental WRP Validation with point sensors
Rey et al. (2020)	Spain Andalucia	TSF	2D ERT lines (x2) 180m to 390m	Detection of acidic leaks from the reclaimed TSF