TABLE 1.
Patient characteristics
| Initial ETV+CPC (n = 521) |
ETV revision following initial ETV+CPC (n = 91) |
Shunt placement following initial ETV+CPC (n = 196) |
P-value for comparison of initial ETV+CPC vs ETV revision | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Corrected age at procedure (months) | 2.1 [0.4, 5.8] | 3.8 [2.1, 7.7] | 3.5 [1.3, 6.4] | <.0011 |
| Male | 304 (58.3%) | 49 (53.8%) | 128 (65.3%) | 0.4242 |
| Race 3 | 0.5532 | |||
| White | 369 (77.5%) | 66 (78.6%) | 131 (73.6%) | |
| Black or African American | 89 (18.7%) | 17 (20.2%) | 42 (23.6%) | |
| Other | 18 (3.8%) | 1 (1.2%) | 5 (2.8%) | |
| Etiology of hydrocephalus | 0.4772 | |||
| Post-IVH secondary to prematurity | 98 (18.8%) | 20 (22.0%) | 56 (28.6%) | |
| Myelomeningocele | 158 (30.3%) | 31 (34.1%) | 36 (18.4%) | |
| Aqueductal stenosis | 104 (20.0%) | 19 (20.9%) | 38 (19.4%) | |
| Other etiology | 161 (30.9%) | 21 (23.1%) | 66 (33.7%) | |
| Post-Infectious | 8 | 1 | 4 | |
| Spontaneous ICH/IVH/SAH | 28 | 5 | 14 | |
| Posterior fossa tumor | 4 | 0 | 1 | |
| Supratentorial tumor | 3 | 0 | 1 | |
| Midbrain tumor/lesion | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Post-head injury | 4 | 1 | 1 | |
| Encephalocele | 9 | 0 | 4 | |
| Posterior fossa cyst | 33 | 5 | 13 | |
| Other intracranial cyst | 6 | 0 | 3 | |
| Communicating congenital hydrocephalus | 34 | 3 | 15 | |
| Other congenital | 11 | 3 | 4 | |
| Craniosynostosis | 6 | 0 | 3 | |
| Other | 13 | 3 | 3 | |
| Frontal occipital horn ratio 4 | 0.59 (0.53, 0.67) | 0.63 (0.58, 0.69) | 0.66 [0.57, 0.72] | <.0011 |
| Bleeding during procedure | 0.1112 | |||
| None | 288 (55.3%) | 61 (67.0%) | ||
| Mild | 206 (39.5%) | 25 (27.5%) | ||
| Moderate | 16 (3.1%) | 4 (4.4%) | ||
| Severe | 11 (2.1%) | 1 (1.1%) | ||
| Dilation method 5 | 0.0352 | |||
| Forceps | 7 (1.3%) | 2 (2.4%) | ||
| Fogarty | 64 (12.3%) | 4 (4.7%) | ||
| Neuroballoon | 93 (17.9%) | 26 (30.6%) | ||
| Spreader | 1 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| Endoscope | 301 (57.9%) | 44 (51.8%) | ||
| Multiple | 54 (10.4%) | 9 (10.6%) |
1
Wilcoxon rank-sum test with unpooled variance estimated comparing initial ETV+CPC and ETV revision following initial ETV+CPC.
2
Fisher’s exact test comparing inital ETV+CPC and ETV revision following initial ETV+CPC.
3
Missing on 45 patients.
4
Missing on 3 patient at initial ETV+CPC and 9 patients at shunt placement following initial ETV+CPC.
5
Missing on 6 patients at ETV revision following initial ETV+CPC.