Table 3.
Box-Behnken desing (BBD) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for experimental results.
| Run order | X1 | X2 | X3 | Y (mg/g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 18.28 |
| 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21.11 |
| 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 19.84 |
| 4 | −1 | 1 | 0 | 16.85 |
| 5 | 1 | 0 | −1 | 19.15 |
| 6 | −1 | −1 | 0 | 14.01 |
| 7 | −1 | 0 | 1 | 19.20 |
| 8 | 0 | 1 | −1 | 19.18 |
| 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21.35 |
| 10 | −1 | 0 | −1 | 16.12 |
| 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21.51 |
| 12 | 1 | −1 | 0 | 15.01 |
| 13 | 0 | −1 | 1 | 18.42 |
| 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21.01 |
| 15 | 0 | −1 | −1 | 14.23 |
| 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20.56 |
| 17 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 19.51 |
| ANOVA | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Source | SS | df | MS | F-Value | Prob > F | Inference |
| Model | 96.80 | 9 | 10.76 | 84.19 | <0.0001 | ∗∗ |
| X1 | 4.17 | 1 | 4.17 | 32.64 | 0.0007 | ∗∗ |
| X2 | 19.52 | 1 | 19.52 | 152.77 | < 0.0001 | ∗∗ |
| X3 | 8.57 | 1 | 8.57 | 67.08 | < 0.0001 | ∗∗ |
| X1X2 | 0.047 | 1 | 0.047 | 0.37 | 0.5645 | |
| X1X3 | 1.85 | 1 | 1.85 | 14.50 | 0.0066 | ∗∗ |
| X2X3 | 3.11 | 1 | 3.11 | 24.31 | 0.0017 | ∗∗ |
| X12 | 21.25 | 1 | 21.25 | 166.36 | < 0.0001 | ∗∗ |
| X22 | 33.54 | 1 | 33.54 | 262.49 | < 0.0001 | ∗∗ |
| X32 | 0.56 | 1 | 0.56 | 4.42 | 0.0736 | |
| Residual | 0.89 | 7 | 0.13 | |||
| Lack of Fit | 0.36 | 3 | 0.12 | 0.91 | 0.5127 | |
| Pure Error | 0.53 | 4 | 0.13 | |||
| Cor Total | 97.70 | 16 | ||||
R2= 0.9908 Adj R2= 0.9791 Pred R2= 0.9322.
X1: pectinase dosage (mg/g), X2: ultrasonic power (W), X3: ultrasonic time (min), Y: the extraction yield of hawthorn flavonoid (mg/g); DF: Degrees of Freedom, SS: Sum of Square, MS: Mean Square. R2: The coefficient of determination; “∗” and “∗∗”, significant in P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively.