Table 1.
Demographics
| n (%) | Age, years mean (SD)a | Sex, female, n (%) | MMSE, mean (SD) | Post-mortem delay mean (SD) in hours | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plasma | |||||
| FTD | 56 (22%) | 59.4 (7.4) | 25 (45%) | 24 (5.2) | |
| FTLD-TDPd | 40 (71%) | 59.8 (7.9) | 18 (45%) | 24 (5.7) | |
| FTLD-Taue | 16 (29%) | 58.2 (6.2) | 7 (44%) | 25 (3.6) | |
| AD | 57 (22%) | 65.5 (8.0)c | 22 (39%) | 23 (2.3) | |
| Controls | 148 (57%) | 61.3 (7.9) | 60 (41%) | 29 (1.4) b | |
| Post-mortem frontal cortex | |||||
| FTD | 10 (67%) | 60.1 (8.0) | 6 (60%) | NA | 6.5 (3.7) |
| FTLD-TDP | 5 (50%) | 64.0 (7.7) | 3 (60%) | NA | 6.8 (3.1) |
| FTLD-Tau | 5 (50%) | 56.2 (6.9) | 3 (60%) | NA | 5.3 (0.6) |
| Controls | 4 (33%) | 61.3 (8.1) | 3 (75%) | NA | 8.8 (2.5) |
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Kruskal–Wallis test were used as appropriate. p < 0.05 was considered significant
AD Alzheimer’s disease, TDP TAR DNA binding protein 43, FTD frontotemporal lobar degeneration, MMSE mini mental state examination, NA not available
aAge at inclusion in plasma samples and age at death in post-mortem tissue
bFTD patients and AD had significantly lower MMSE scores
cFTD patients and controls were significantly younger than AD patients
dFTLD-TDP pathology was present in 40 subjects (18 autopsy confirmed cases, 13 GRN [of whom 1 was autopsy confirmed], 9 C9orf72 [of whom 1 was autopsy confirmed]), and FTLD-Tau pathology in 16 subjects (3 autopsy-confirmed cases, 13 MAPT [of whom 2 were also autopsy confirmed])
eFTLD-TDP was present in 5 subjects (4 cases were familial [GRN n = 2 and C9orf72 n = 2] and 1 was a sporadic case), and FTLD-Tau was present in 5 cases (all 5 cases were familial [MAPT n = 5])