. 2022 Oct 21;19:133. doi: 10.1186/s12966-022-01369-y

Table 2.

Means and 95% confidence intervals for parent reported child health behaviors and parenting practices scales

	Total Sample (N = 324)	Girls (N = 170)	Boys (N = 154)	Face to Face Interview (N = 100)	Phone Interview (N = 224)
*Children’s movement behaviors*
Physical Activity (mins/day)	177 (166–188)	168 (152–184)	184 (167–201)	173 (153–193)	179 166–193
Screen time (mins/day)	181 (166–196)	177 (156–199)	185 (162–208)	179 (152–207)	182 (164–201)
Night Sleep (mins/day)	613 (603–622)	613 (601–628)	615 (602–628)	619 (602–634)	610 (600–620)
*Controlling parenting practices*
Rules around active play indoors	1.78 (1.72–1.84)	1.86 (1.77–1.94)	1.74 (1.65–1.83)	1.86 (1.76–1.97)	1.73 * (1.66–1.81)
Rules around active play outdoors	4.04 (3.90–4.18)	4.13 (3.93–4.33)	3.93 (3.72–4.15)	4.03 (3.77–4.29)	4.04 (3.87–4.21)
Use of physical activity to reward/control child behavior	3.32 (3.17–3.47)	3.28 (3.06–3.49)	3.45 (3.22–3.68)	3.47 (3.20–3.73)	3.26 (3.08–3.44)
Limiting outdoor play due to weather	2.87 (2.74–3.00)	3.09 (2.91–3.28)	2.78 # (2.58–2.98)	3.13 (2.89–3.36)	2.75 * 2.59–2.90)
Limiting or monitoring of screen time	3.29 (3.14–3.44)	3.21 (3.00–3.43)	3.41 (3.18–3.63)	3.34 (3.07–3.60)	3.28 (3.10–3.46)
Use of screen time to reward/control child behavior	4.41 (4.25–4.57)	4.48 (4.25–4.70)	4.57 (4.32–4.81)	4.81 (4.52–5.10)	4.23 * (4.04–4.43)
Supportive parenting practices
Explicit modeling and enjoyment of physical activity	2.70 (2.61–2.80)	2.67 (2.54–2.80)	2.77 (2.63–2.90)	2.76 (2.60–2.93)	2.68 (2.57–2.79)
Verbal encouragement for physical activity	4.07 (3.95–4.19)	4.06 (3.89–4.23)	4.13 (3.95–4.31)	4.16 (3.95–4.37)	4.04 (3.89–4.18)
Logistic support for active play	2.81 (2.66–2.96)	2.71 (2.50–2.92)	2.94 (2.71–3.16)	2.84 (2.57–3.11)	2.80 (2.63–2.98)
Importance and value of physical activity	4.59 (4.53–4.64)	4.54 (4.46–4.63)	4.64 (4.56–4.73)	4.60 (4.50–4.71)	4.58 (4.52–4.65)
Exposure to screens	4.30 (4.07–4.53)	4.43 (4.11–4.76)	4.13 (3.78–4.47)	4.26 (3.85–4.67)	4.30 (4.03–4.58)
Explicit modeling and enjoyment of screen time	3.82 (3.73–3.92)	3.92 (3.78–4.05)	3.73 (3.59–3.88)	3.84 (3.66–4.00)	3.81 (3.69–3.92)
Sleep parenting practices
Bedtime routine	4.10 (3.99–4.20)	4.07 (3.92–4.22)	4.05 (3.89–4.21)	3.97 (3.78–4.16)	4.15 (4.03–4.28)
Sleep environment	4.15 (4.06–4.23)	4.15 (4.02–4.27)	4.14 (4.01–4.28)	4.14 (3.98–4.30)	4.15 (4.04–4.25)
Reactivity to changes in bedtime routine	1.96 (1.85–2.07)	2.22 (2.07–2.37)	1.95 # (1.79–2.11)	2.43 (2.24–2.61)	1.75 * (1.62–1.87)
Adaptive activities prior to bedtime	3.82 (3.74–3.90)	3.83 (3.72–3.95)	3.83 (3.71–3.96)	3.87 (3.73–4.02)	3.79 (3.70–3.89)

Total Sample
(N = 324)

Girls
(N = 170)

Boys
(N = 154)

Face to Face Interview
(N = 100)

Phone Interview
(N = 224)

Children’s movement behaviors

Physical Activity (mins/day)

177

(166–188)

168

(152–184)

184

(167–201)

173

(153–193)

179

166–193

Screen time

(mins/day)

181

(166–196)

177

(156–199)

185

(162–208)

179

(152–207)

182

(164–201)

Night Sleep

(mins/day)

613

(603–622)

613

(601–628)

615

(602–628)

619

(602–634)

610

(600–620)

Controlling parenting practices

Rules around active play indoors

1.78

(1.72–1.84)

1.86

(1.77–1.94)

1.74

(1.65–1.83)

1.86

(1.76–1.97)

1.73 *

(1.66–1.81)

Rules around active play outdoors

4.04

(3.90–4.18)

4.13

(3.93–4.33)

3.93

(3.72–4.15)

4.03

(3.77–4.29)

4.04

(3.87–4.21)

Use of physical activity to reward/control child behavior

3.32

(3.17–3.47)

3.28

(3.06–3.49)

3.45

(3.22–3.68)

3.47

(3.20–3.73)

3.26

(3.08–3.44)

Limiting outdoor play due to weather

2.87

(2.74–3.00)

3.09

(2.91–3.28)

2.78 #

(2.58–2.98)

3.13

(2.89–3.36)

2.75 *

2.59–2.90)

Limiting or monitoring of screen time

3.29

(3.14–3.44)

3.21

(3.00–3.43)

3.41

(3.18–3.63)

3.34

(3.07–3.60)

3.28

(3.10–3.46)

Use of screen time to reward/control child behavior

4.41

(4.25–4.57)

4.48

(4.25–4.70)

4.57

(4.32–4.81)

4.81

(4.52–5.10)

4.23 *

(4.04–4.43)

Supportive parenting practices

Explicit modeling and enjoyment of physical activity

2.70

(2.61–2.80)

2.67

(2.54–2.80)

2.77

(2.63–2.90)

2.76

(2.60–2.93)

2.68

(2.57–2.79)

Verbal encouragement for physical activity

4.07

(3.95–4.19)

4.06

(3.89–4.23)

4.13

(3.95–4.31)

4.16

(3.95–4.37)

4.04

(3.89–4.18)

Logistic support for active play

2.81

(2.66–2.96)

2.71

(2.50–2.92)

2.94

(2.71–3.16)

2.84

(2.57–3.11)

2.80

(2.63–2.98)

Importance and value of physical activity

4.59

(4.53–4.64)

4.54

(4.46–4.63)

4.64

(4.56–4.73)

4.60

(4.50–4.71)

4.58

(4.52–4.65)

Exposure to screens

4.30

(4.07–4.53)

4.43

(4.11–4.76)

4.13

(3.78–4.47)

4.26

(3.85–4.67)

4.30

(4.03–4.58)

Explicit modeling and enjoyment of screen time

3.82

(3.73–3.92)

3.92

(3.78–4.05)

3.73

(3.59–3.88)

3.84

(3.66–4.00)

3.81

(3.69–3.92)

Sleep parenting practices

Bedtime routine

4.10

(3.99–4.20)

4.07

(3.92–4.22)

4.05

(3.89–4.21)

3.97

(3.78–4.16)

4.15

(4.03–4.28)

Sleep environment

4.15

(4.06–4.23)

4.15

(4.02–4.27)

4.14

(4.01–4.28)

4.14

(3.98–4.30)

4.15

(4.04–4.25)

Reactivity to changes in bedtime routine

1.96

(1.85–2.07)

2.22

(2.07–2.37)

1.95 #

(1.79–2.11)

2.43

(2.24–2.61)

1.75 *

(1.62–1.87)

Adaptive activities prior to bedtime

3.82

(3.74–3.90)

3.83

(3.72–3.95)

3.83

(3.71–3.96)

3.87

(3.73–4.02)

3.79

(3.70–3.89)

# = Significant gender difference p ≤ .05; * = Significant differences for mode of interview