Table 2. Differentiation of the I. fonsfrigidae SP3-1 from related members in the family Halanaerobiaceae Strains: 1, Iocasia fonsfrigidae SP3-1 (this study); 2, Iocasia fonsfrigidae NS-1T; 3, Halocella cellulolytica DSM7362T; 4, Halothermothrix orenii H168T.
| Characteristic | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isolation source | Salt evaporation pond | Sediment, cold seep, South China Sea | Hypersaline lagoons of Lake Sivash | Sediment of a Tunisian salted lake |
| Morphology | Rods | Long rods | Rods | Rods |
| Cell size (µm) | 0. 4 × 1.3 | 0.2–0.3 × 6.0 −10.0 | 0.4 −0.6 × 3.8 − 12.0 | 0.4 −0.6 × 10.0 − 20.0 |
| Flagella | None | Flagella | Flagella | Flagella |
| NaCl concentration range (%) | 5 −30 | 1.25–15.0 | 5 −20 | 4 −20 |
| Optimum NaCl (%) | 20 | 2.5–7.5 | 15 | 5 −10 |
| Temperature growth range (° C) | 25 −55 (opt. 37) | 20–45 (opt. 37) | 20 −50 (opt. 39) | 45 −68 (opt. 60) |
| pH growth range | 5.5 −10.0 (opt. 8.0) | 6.5–8.0 (opt. 7.0) | 5.5 −8.5 (opt. 7.0) | 5.5 −8.2 (opt. 6.5 −7.0) |
| Carbon sources (0.5%) | ||||
| L-Arabinose | + | + | – | + |
| D-Fructose | + | + | + | + |
| D-Galactose | + | + | – | + |
| D-Glucose | + | + | + | + |
| D-Mannose | + | + | NA | – |
| D-Raffinose | + | NA | + | + |
| D-Rhamnose | – | + | NA | NA |
| D-Xylose | + | + | – | + |
| Cellobiose Lactose Maltose |
+ + + |
NA NA + |
+ + NA |
+ + - |
| Sucrose | + | + | + | – |
| PASC | + | NA | NA | NA |
| Xylan | + | + | – | NA |
| Starch | + | + | + | + |
| Alginate | – | + | NA | NA |
| Lignin | – | + | NA | NA |
| Antibiotic sensitivity | Ampicillin (100 µg/mL), ceftriaxone (60 µg/mL), ciprofloxacin (4 µg/mL), clindamycin (10 µg/mL), rifampicin (50 µg/mL), and vancomycin (30 µg/mL), |
Ampicillin (100 µg/mL), erythromycin (20 µg/mL) and rifampicin (50 µg/mL) |
a∗ Ampicillin (100 µg/mL), amikacin (8 µg/mL), amoxycillin (5 µg/mL), ceftriaxone (60 µg/mL), ciprofloxacin (4 µg/mL), clindamycin (10 µg/mL), kanamycin (100 µg/mL), rifampicin (50 µg/mL), trimethoprim (20 µg/mL), and vancomycin (30 µg/mL) |
NA |
| Antibiotic resistance | Amikacin (8 µg/mL), amoxicillin (5 µg/mL), colistin (8 µg/mL), kanamycin (100 µg/mL), and trimethoprim (20 µg/mL) | Kanamycin (100 µg/mL), gentamicin (20 µg/mL), chloramphenicol (20 µg/mL), streptomycin (30 µg/mL), and vancomycin (30 µg/mL) |
a∗ Colistin (8 µg/mL) | NA |
| DNA G+C content (mol%) | 35.1 | 35.72 | 29.0 | 39.6 |
| Fermentation products* | Acetate, butyrate, CO2, H2, ethanol, butanol | Acetate, butyrate, ethanol, lactate, propionate H2, CO2 | Acetate, ethanol, lactate, CO2, H2, | Acetate, ethanol, CO2, H2 |
| Reference | This study | Zhang et al. (2021) | Simankova et al. (1993) | Cayol et al. (1994) |
Notes.
NA, indicates not available; “+,” growth; “ ”, no growth; “ *”, used glucose as carbon source, “a*” purchase strain DSM 7362T to culture for check the antibiotic sensitivity and resistance; Opt. is optimum.