Table 3.
Segmented time-series regression sensitivity analysis for the effect of a neurocritical care analgesia and sedation protocol on medication utilisation and costs, 2011–2015 (N = 1,197).
| Outcomes | Model Variable (95% CLs) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intercepta | Baseline Linear Trendb | Level Changec | Post-protocol Linear Trendd | |
|
| ||||
| Fentanyl unitse used per patient | 130.0 (78.9, 181.1) | −14.9 (−24.5, −5.31) | 344.0 (238.0, 450.0) | 5.2 (−15.4, 25.9) |
| P-value | <0.001 | <0.01 | <0.001 | 0.59 |
| Fentanyl cost per patient, USDf | 229.0 (−144.7, 602.7) | 67.2 (−23.5, 157.9) | −251.0 (−750.1, 248.1) | −98.4 (−192.4, −4.5) |
| P-value | 0.21 | 0.13 | 0.29 | 0.04 |
| Propofol unitse used per patient | 174.5(74.9, 274.1) | 5.4 (−23.3, 34.0) | 1.0 (−151.7, 153.6) | −17.9 (−45.3, 11.5) |
| P-value | <0.001 | 0.69 | 0.99 | 0.21 |
| Propofol cost per patient, USDf | 2,194.8 (959.7, 3429.9) | 49.7 (−296.7, 396.0) | −458.6 (−2,286.5, 1,369.5) | −162.8 (−519.6, 194.1) |
| P-value | <0.001 | 0.76 | 0.59 | 0.34 |
| Midazolam unitse used per patient | 49.0 (−7.6, 105.6) | 9.2 (−0.7, 19.0) | −40.5 (−88.8, 7.8) | −7.2 (−18.4, 4.0) |
| P-value | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.19 |
| Midazolam cost per patient, USDf | 24.5 (−3.55, 52.5) | 4.13 (−0.75, 9.02) | −19.16 (−42.48, 4.17) | −3.61 (−9.04, 1.82) |
| P-value | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.18 |
Abbreviation: CLs, Confidence limits.
The intercept is the model estimate for the outcomes in the first quarter of the study period.
Baseline linear trend describes the change in the outcome per quarter in the pre-protocol change period (2/1/2011 to 1/31/2013).
Level change is the estimated instantaneous change in the outcome in the first post-protocol period (2/1/2013 to 4/30/2013) compared with the expected rate based on the baseline trend.
Post-protocol linear trend describes the change in trend in the post-protocol change period (5/1/2013 to 1/31/2015); the trend in the post-protocol change period is the difference between the pre-protocol and post-protocol slopes of the outcome.
Medication utilisation was measured in units, according to available package size. Fentanyl and midazolam units were intravenous vials or continuous infusion bags. Propofol units were intravenous continuous infusion bottles.
Dollars are represented as 2015 fiscal year dollars.