Table 2.
Study Characteristics
| No. | Study ID | Title | Study duration | Region | Volcanic | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Volcanic | nonvolcanic | event | total population |
ASR incidence per 100000/year | IR | ||||||||||||||||||
| F | M | both | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | Arnbjornsson (1986) | Thyroid cancer incidence in relation to volcanic activity | 1955-1982 (volcanic) 1959 - 1975 (non-volcanic) |
Iceland | Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden | 139 | < 250,000 | 12 | 4,1 | NR (8.05) | NR | ||||||||||||
| 2 | Russo (2017) | Thyroid cancer in the pediatric age in Sicily: influence of the volcanic Environment | 2002-2009 | Catania | other province in Sicily | 23 | NR | 1.4 | 0.5 | NR (0.95) | NR | ||||||||||||
| 3 | Malandrino (2013) | Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: a comparative study of the characteristics and risk factors at presentation in two cancer registry | 2002-2006 | Catania | the rest of Sicily | 675 | 1,000,000 | 5.9 | 1.3 | 3.68 | NR | ||||||||||||
| 4 | Tavarelli (2017) | Anaplastic thyroid cancer in Sicily: the role of environmental characteristics | 2002-2009 | Catania | the rest of Sicily | 12 | 1,072,000 | NR | NR | 0.07 | NR | ||||||||||||
| 5 | Pellegriti (2009) | Papillary thyroid cancer incidence in the volcanic area of Sicily | 2002-2004 | Catania | the rest of Sicily | 729 | 1,059,811 | 31.7 | 6.4 | NR (19.05) | NR | ||||||||||||
| 6 | Amaral (2006) | Chronic exposure to volcanic environment and cancer incidence in the Azores, Portugal | 1991-2001 | Furnas | Santa Maria | 18 | 1,541 | 12.17 | 10.34 | NR (11.25) | NR | ||||||||||||
| 7 | Russo (2015) | Several site-specific cancer are increased in the volcanic area in Sicily | 2003-2007 | Catania | the rest of Sicily | 14,44 | 1,087,682 | NR | NR | NR | 453.2 | ||||||||||||
| 8 | Bofetta (2020) | Exposure to emission from Mount Etna (Sicily, Italy) and incidence of thyroid cancer: a geographic analysis | 2008-2012 | catania-messina-enna | Palermo | NR | NR | NR | NR | 38.3 | NR | ||||||||||||
| 9 | Malandrino (2016) | Increased thyroid cancer incidence in a basaltic volcanic area is associated with non-anthropogenic pollution and biocontamination | 2002-2006 | Catania | Palermo & Messina | 1228 | NR | NR | NR | 18.5 | NR | ||||||||||||
| 10 | Paksoy (1989) | Cancer occurrence in Vanuatu in the South Pacific 1980-86 | 1980-1986 | Vanuatu | Papua New Guinea, Fiji | 269 | 127,800 | 9 | 3.6 | 6.3 | NR | ||||||||||||
| 11 | Goodman (1988) | Descriptive epidemiology of thyroid cancer in Hawaii | 1960-1984 | Hawaii | San Francisco, New Mexico | 1212 | NR | 15.43 | 6.8 | 11.11 | NR | ||||||||||||
| 1 | Arnbjornsson (1986) | Thyroid cancer incidence in relation to volcanic activity | 1955-1982 (volcanic) 1959 - 1975 (non-volcanic) |
Iceland | Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden |
NR | NR | 3.35 | 1.55 | 2.45 | NR | F p<0.001, M p<0.01 | |||||||||||
| 2 | Russo (2017) | Thyroid cancer in the pediatric age in Sicily: influence of the volcanic Environment | 2002-2009 | Catania | other province in Sicily | 31 | NR | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.35 | NR | <0.05 | |||||||||||
| 3 | Malandrino (2013) | Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: a comparative study of the characteristics and risk factors at presentation in two cancer registry | 2002-2006 | Catania | the rest of Sicily | 1102 | 4,000,000 | 2.78 | 0.68 | 1.76 | NR | <0.01 | |||||||||||
| 4 | Tavarelli (2017) | Anaplastic thyroid cancer in Sicily: the role of environmental characteristics | 2002-2009 | Catania | the rest of Sicily | 31 | 3,941,000 | NR | NR | 0.05 | NR | 0.19 | |||||||||||
| 5 | Pellegriti (2009) | Papillary thyroid cancer incidence in the volcanic area of Sicily | 2002-2004 | Catania | the rest of Sicily | 1,221 | 3,920,541 | 6.4 | 3 | 4.7 | NR | <0.001 | |||||||||||
| 6 | Amaral (2006) | Chronic exposure to volcanic environment and cancer incidence in the Azores, Portugal | 1991-2001 | Furnas | Santa Maria | 58 | 5,578 | 7.54 | 13.58 | 10.56 | NR | NR | |||||||||||
| 7 | Russo (2015) | Several site-specific cancer are increased in the volcanic area in Sicily | 2003-2007 | Catania | the rest of Sicily | 57,757 | 3,327,708 | NR | NR | NR | 435.97 | <0.05 | |||||||||||
| 8 | Bofetta (2020) | Exposure to emission from Mount Etna (Sicily, Italy) and incidence of thyroid cancer: a geographic analysis | 2008-2012 | catania-messina-enna | Palermo | NR | NR | NR | NR | 24.4 | NR | NR | |||||||||||
| 9 | Malandrino (2016) | Increased thyroid cancer incidence in a basaltic volcanic area is associated with non-anthropogenic pollution and biocontamination | 2002-2006 | Catania | Palermo & Messina | 1147 | NR | NR | NR | 9.6 | NR | NR | |||||||||||
| 10 | Paksoy (1989) | Cancer occurrence in Vanuatu in the South Pacific 1980-86 | 1980-1986 | Vanuatu | Papua New Guinea, Fiji | NR | NR | 2.2 | 0.35 | 1.27 | NR | NR | |||||||||||
| 11 | Goodman (1988) | Descriptive epidemiology of thyroid cancer in Hawaii | 1960-1984 | Hawaii | San Francisco, New Mexico | NR | NR | 8.4 | 3.3 | 5.87 | NR | NR | |||||||||||
NR, data not reported; F, female; M, male; ASR, age-standardized incidence rate