Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics of participants
| Sociodemographic characteristic | Complete samplea (n = 63,602) |
Sample without any chronic diseasesa (n = 39,146) |
Sample with chronic disease(s)a (n = 24,456) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years, mean ± SD (range) | 53 ± 13 (21–96) | 51 ± 12 (21–95) | 58 ± 12 (21–96) |
| 18–39 | 14.6 | 19.5 | 6.7 |
| 40–64 | 64.0 | 66.5 | 60.0 |
| ≥ 65 | 21.4 | 14.0 | 33.3 |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 40.8 | 41.6 | 39.5 |
| Female | 59.2 | 58.4 | 60.5 |
| Mode of administration | |||
| Digital | 66.7 | 70.8 | 60.1 |
| Paper and pencil | 33.3 | 29.2 | 39.9 |
| Educational level | |||
| Low | 31.1 | 25.7 | 39.8 |
| Middle | 35.4 | 36.6 | 33.4 |
| High | 33.5 | 37.7 | 26.8 |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Native | 95.0 | 95.0 | 94.8 |
| 1st and 2nd generation western immigrant | 4.0 | 3.9 | 4.1 |
| 1st and 2nd generation non-western immigrant | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 |
| Chronic disease | |||
| No | 61.5 | 100 | 0.0 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 6.4 | 0.0 | 16.5 |
| Diabetes | 3.6 | 0.0 | 9.5 |
| COPD | 3.6 | 0.0 | 9.3 |
| High blood pressure | 13.5 | 0.0 | 35.0 |
| Other | 20.5 | 0.0 | 53.3 |
COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, SD standard deviation
aAll results expressed as % unless otherwise noted