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. 2022 Jun 25;31(12):3447–3458. doi: 10.1007/s11136-022-03171-6

Table 6.

Confirmation of a priori hypotheses regarding the expected differences between groups and the correlation between domains of the PROMIS-29

Hypotheses Number confirmed
Older participants score better than younger participants on the domains fatigue, sleep disturbance, anxiety and depression; a difference of at least 1 point is expected between each adjacent age group (18–39, 40–64, ≥ 65)a 2/8
Younger participants score better than older participants on the domains physical function and pain interference and on pain intensity; a difference of at least 1 point is expected between each adjacent age group (18–39, 40–64, ≥ 65) for physical function and pain interference, and a difference of at least 0.5 point for pain intensitya 5/6
The youngest (18–39) and oldest (≥ 65) age group score at least 1 point better than the middle age group (40–64) on the domains ability to participate in social roles and activitiesa 0/2
Males score at least 1 point better than females on all domains, and 0.5 point better on pain intensitya 7/8
Participants without chronic diseases score at least 2 points better than people with chronic diseases on all domains, and 1 point better on pain intensitya 5/8
The following domains have a correlation between 0.6 and 0.7: physical function and pain interference (negative), physical function and pain intensity (negative), anxiety and depression, sleep disturbance and fatigue 4/8
The domains ability to participate in social roles and activities and physical function have a correlation between 0.4 and 0.6 2/2
The domain pain interference has a correlation of at least 0.6 with pain intensity 2/2
The remaining domains have a correlation of less than 0.5 (depending on the direction, this might be negative) 42/44
Total 69/88 (78%)
 Physical function 10/11 (91%)
 Ability to participate in social roles and activities 8/11 (73%)
 Anxiety 8/11 (73%)
 Depression 8/11 (73%)
 Fatigue 9/11 (82%)
 Sleep disturbance 7/11 (64%)
 Pain interference 11/11 (100%)
 Pain intensity 8/11 (73%)

aBetter means higher T-scores for the domains physical function and ability to participate in social roles and activities, and lower T-scores for the domains anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, pain interference; for pain intensity, better means a lower score on the 0–10 numeric scale