Table 3.
Change in clinical characteristics among LRRK2 G2019S carriers with vs without baseline DAT deficit.
| LRRK2 G2019S carriers: baseline DAT deficit | LRRK2 G2019S carriers: no baseline DAT deficit | p value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (N = 21) | Year 1 (N = 21) | Year 2 (N = 15) | Baseline (N = 147) | Year 1 (N = 144) | Year 2 (N = 118) | Group × time effect | |
| MDS-UPDRS total score | 10.8 (10.1) | 12.5 (10.8) | 15.1 (14.1) | 8.6 (6.9) | 9.1 (7.8) | 8.8 (8.1) | 0.1039 |
| MDS-UPDRS Part I | 5.1 (4.2) | 5.6 (4.3) | 5.2 (3.2) | 4.7 (3.7) | 5.0 (4.0) | 4.8 (4.2) | 0.6761 |
| MDS-UPDRS Part II | 2.3 (3.5) | 3.1 (4.4) | 2.6 (2.8) | 0.9 (1.9) | 1.2 (2.3) | 1.2 (2.5) | 0.1199 |
| MDS-UPDRS Part III | 4.3 (5.3) | 5.4 (6.3) | 7.4 (10.4) | 2.9 (3.8) | 2.9 (3.6) | 2.8 (3.7) | 0.0578 |
| MOCA total score, mean (SD; range) | 26.6 (2.2; 22–30) | 26.8 (2.4; 23–30) | 26.4 (3.1; 20–30) | 26.9 (2.5; 18–30) | 27.1 (2.5; 16–30) | 26.9 (2.3; 21–30) | 0.7475 |
| GDS-15 total score | 2.0 (3.0) | 1.7 (2.0) | 1.9 (2.6) | 1.6 (2.2) | 1.4 (1.9) | 1.6 (2.0) | 0.9898 |
| SCOPA-AUT total score | 9.7 (7.1) | 10.2 (7.8) | 11.2 (5.8) | 8.1 (5.8) | 8.5 (6.5) | 8.2 (6.2) | 0.1808 |
| Orthostatic systolic blood pressure drop | −4.5 (9.9) | −3.3 (9.6) | −4.3 (13.0) | 0.7 (10.8) | −0.6 (11.4) | 0.2 (10.5) | 0.1495 |
| Orthostatic diastolic blood pressure drop | −6.3 (5.9) | −6.5 (7.0) | −6.9 (6.2) | −3.7 (7.7) | −4.3 (7.8) | −3.0 (7.4) | 0.0746 |
| State trait anxiety score | 64.0 (17.9) | 58.2 (14.1) | 58.4 (16.4) | 60.9 (16.4) | 60.2 (16.4) | 60.3 (15.8) | 0.1896 |
| QUIP ( ≥ 1 disorder) | 4 (20%) | 5 (26%) | 3 (21%) | 39 (27%) | 39 (28%) | 38 (33%) | 0.6539 |
| Epworth sleepiness scale (≥10) | 2 (10%) | 2 (10%) | 1 (7%) | 16 (11%) | 14 (10%) | 12 (10%) | 0.8113 |
| RBDSQ ( ≥ 5) | 3 (15%) | 5 (25%) | 2 (14%) | 35 (24%) | 29 (21%) | 25 (22%) | 0.4639 |
Data are mean (SD) or n (%) unless otherwise stated. DAT deficit defined as <65% age/sex-expected lowest putamen specific binding ratio (eight LRRK2 G2019S carriers are excluded due to missing baseline DAT data). Among subgroup with baseline DAT deficit, two or fewer participants missed any one assessment; among subgroup without baseline DAT deficit, five or fewer participants missed any one assessment except for the SCOPA-AUT at year 2 (seven missing values). p values were found using generalized estimating equations modeling the change from baseline at follow-up (continuous outcomes) or the binary response at follow-up (categorical outcomes) while adjusting for the baseline value. Significance level for comparisons is p < 0.0038 (after Bonferroni correction).
DAT dopamine transporter, MDS-UPDRS Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, MOCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, GDS-15 Geriatric Depression Scale (15-item), SCOPA-AUT Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson’s Disease-Autonomic, QUIP Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease, RBDSQ REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Screening Questionnaire.