Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Oct 22;13:6302. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-33580-7

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 3 — a Three input pathways to V1 have distinct laminar profiles: LGN afferents terminate in the middle layer (M)^111,112, cortico-cortical afferents, such as from FFA, terminate in superficial and deep layers (S and D)¹⁵, and amygdala afferents terminate exclusively in the superficial layer (S)^15,16. AMG, amygdala; FFA, fusiform face area; LGN, lateral geniculate nucleus. b Axial slice of a T1-weighted anatomical image generated from VASO timeseries²³. Light blue line corresponds to the field of view shown in c–e. c Response amplitude to face stimuli measured with BOLD (top) and VASO (bottom). Green arrows in the BOLD image indicate high-amplitude responses in veins. d Phase (timing) of the best-fitting sinusoid. BOLD and VASO are known to have opposite signed responses²³, as indicated by the 180 deg shift in response phase. e Central V1 ROI was defined in each participant based on retinotopic analysis³⁴ and constrained by the white matter (WM; cyan) and CSF (yellow) boundaries (top). Between the WM and CSF boundaries, 21 cortical depths were generated with LAYNII¹⁰⁹ (bottom). f Percent change in VASO (ml per 100 ml CBV) to all faces (pooled across three expressions) as a function of relative cortical depth between WM (left) and CSF (right). The black line shows the fitted average across depth, while the shaded band indicates the uncertainty range of one standard error. g Posterior distribution of fearful – neutral VASO responses as a function of cortical depth. h Posterior distribution of happy – neutral VASO responses as a function of cortical depth. g, h Hue indicates the strength of statistical evidence according to the BML model¹⁰⁵, shown through P+, the posterior probability of the valence effect at each cortical depth being positive. The vertical green line indicates zero effect. The extent to which the green line is closer to the tail of the posterior distribution indicates stronger valence effect. f–g Number of unique participants scanned at 7T VASO: n = 10 (15 scan sessions, see Table 1). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.