Table 2. Shedding Rates, Lesion Rates, and Quantity of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) Detected .
| Outcome | No. (%) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8-12 wk after onset (session 1) | 48-52 wk after onset (session 2) | |||||
| All (n = 82) | Primary HSV-1 infection (n = 42)a | Prior or unknown HSV-1 infection (n = 40)b,c | All (n = 64) | Primary HSV-1 infection (n = 35)a | Prior or unknown HSV-1 infection (n = 29)b,c | |
| HSV-1 DNA detected by polymerase chain reaction testing | ||||||
| Persons with any genital shedding | 53 (64.6) | 32 (76.2) | 21 (52.5) | 21 (32.8) | 14 (40.0) | 7 (24.1) |
| Overall genital shedding rated | 275/2264 (12.1) | 199/1156 (17.2) | 76/1108 (6.9) | 122/1719 (7.1) | 79/933 (8.5) | 43/786 (5.5) |
| Asymptomatic genital sheddinge | 239/2189 (10.9) | 167/1099 (15.2) | 72/1090 (6.6) | 89/1637 (5.4) | 48/871 (5.5) | 41/766 (5.4) |
| Persons with any genital lesions | 12 (14.6) | 8 (19.1) | 4 (10.0) | 15 (23.4) | 12 (34.3) | 3 (10.4) |
| Days with genital lesionsf | 65/2497 (2.6) | 60/1271 (4.7) | 5/1226 (0.4) | 72/1872 (3.8) | 66/1042 (6.3) | 6/830 (0.7) |
| Genital lesion sheddingg | 34/62 (54.8) | 32/57 (56.1) | 2/5 (40.0) | 33/68 (48.5) | 31/62 (50.0) | 2/6 (33.3) |
| Persons with any oral shedding | 24 (29.3) | 16 (38.1) | 8 (20.0) | 17 (26.6) | 11 (31.4) | 6 (20.7) |
| Overall oral shedding rated | 88/2247 (3.9) | 63/1140 (5.5) | 25/1107 (2.3) | 87/1714 (5.1) | 64/925 (6.9) | 23/789 (2.9) |
| Asymptomatic oral sheddinge | 87/2223 (3.9) | 63/1140 (5.5) | 24/1083 (2.2) | 86/1690 (5.1) | 64/919 (7.0) | 22/771 (2.9) |
| Persons with any oral lesions | 2 (2.4) | 0 | 2 (5.0) | 3 (4.7) | 1 (2.9) | 2 (6.9) |
| Days with oral lesionsf | 11/2497 (0.4) | 0/1271 | 11/1226 (0.9) | 10/1872 (0.5) | 6/1042 (0.6) | 4/830 (0.5) |
| Oral lesion sheddingg | 1/11 (9.1) | 1/11 (9.1) | 1/10 (10.0) | 0/6 | 1/4 (25.0) | |
| Log10 copies/mL HSV-1, median (IQR) | ||||||
| Genital | 2.9 (2.5-3.6) [n = 275] | 2.9 (2.5-3.7) [n = 199] | 2.8 (2.5-3.4) [n = 76] | 4.4 (3.2-5.8) [n = 122] | 4.5 (3.1-6.5) [n = 79] | 4.4 (3.2-4.7) [n = 43] |
| When lesions present | 5.1 (2.5-7.1) [n = 34] | 5.2 (2.6-7.3) [n = 32] | 2.6 (2.3-2.8) [n = 2] | 6.1 (4.3-6.9) [n = 33] | 6.1 (4.3-7.4) [n = 31] | 5.0 (3.2-6.9) [n = 2] |
| When asymptomatic | 2.8 (2.5-3.4) [n = 239] | 2.8 (2.5-3.4) [n = 167] | 2.8 (2.5-3.4) [n = 72] | 4.2 (3.0-4.8) [n = 89] | 3.9 (2.9-5.4) [n = 48] | 4.4 (3.2-4.7) [n = 41] |
| Oral | 3.5 (2.5-4.3) [n = 88] | 3.4 (2.5-4.4) [n = 63] | 3.5 (2.6-4.2) [n = 25] | 3.6 (2.7-4.7) [n = 87] | 3.5 (2.7-4.8) [n = 64] | 3.8 (2.7-4.7) [n = 23] |
| When lesions present | 3.0h | 3.0h | 2.2h | 2.2h | ||
| When asymptomatic | 3.5 (2.5-4.3) [n = 87] | 3.4 (2.5-4.4) [n = 63] | 3.6 (2.5-4.2) [n = 24] | 3.6 (2.8-4.7) [n = 86] | 3.5 (2.7-4.8) [n = 64] | 3.9 (2.9-4.7) [n = 22] |
Primary defined as HSV-1 seronegative or HSV-1 indeterminate at first blood draw or increasing antibody over time.
Nonprimary defined as HSV-1 seropositive with first blood sample drawn <42 days after symptom onset.
Unknown defined as HSV-1 seropositive with first blood sample drawn ≥42 days after symptom onset or seroconversion not observed.
Overall shedding includes all positive swabs over all swabs taken and includes all persons (days with shedding/total daily swabs).
Asymptomatic shedding is defined as the proportion of days with shedding in the absence of genital lesions/total daily swabs collected in absence of lesions.
The denominator for “days with [genital or oral] lesions” is obtained from diary data. There are slight discrepancies between days in which the diary was completed and days with swabs obtained.
Lesion shedding is defined as the proportion of days that with shedding in the presence of genital lesions/total days with genital lesions.
The CI was omitted because there was only 1 swab collected.