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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Psychol. 2021 Nov 29;58(1):1–16. doi: 10.1037/dev0001280

Table 4.

Results of the 2 (Bout Type: crawling, upright) x 2 (Pre-walk Session: walk −2, walk −1) repeated measures ANOVAs for each measure

2 (Bout Type: crawling, upright) x 2 (Pre-walk Session: walk −2, walk −1)

Bout Type Pre-walk Session Bout Type x Pre-walk Session

Measure F p η2 F p η2 F p η2

Infant locomotion
 Number of bouts 0.01 .94 < .001 5.63 .02 .16 2.16 .15 .07
Language & locomotion
 Overall language 16.48 < .001 .36 0.19 .67 < .01 1.02 .32 .03
 Action verbs 0.06 .81 < .01 0.38 .54 .01 3.05 .09 .10
 Object talk 3.89 .06 .12 0.39 .54 .01 0.11 .74 < .01
Gesture & locomotion
 Overall gesture 0.01 .92 < .001 0.84 .37 .03 4.25 .05 .13
 Movement gesture 0.68 .42 .02 0.15 .70 < .01 2.22 .15 .07
 Show gesture 0.04 .84 < .01 0.05 .83 < .01 0.78 .38 .03