Table 1.

Clinical characteristics of the participants at the baseline and endpoint

	Metformin (N = 51)			Acarbose (N = 53)
	Baseline	Endpoint	P	Baseline	Endpoint	P
Sex (male/female)	28/23	–	–	32/21	–	–
Age (year)	60.00 (53.00, 64.00)	–	–	63.00 (57.00, 67.00)	–	–
Diabetes duration (year)	14.00 (10.00, 17.00)	–	–	16.00 (11.00, 20.00)	–	–
Body weight (kg)	74.13 ± 10.22	73.65 ± 10.14	0.181	69.66 ± 9.23	68.63 ± 9.34	< 0.001
BMI (kg/m2)	26.37 ± 2.80	26.21 ± 2.83	0.197	25.31 ± 2.42	24.94 ± 2.43	< 0.001
Waist circumference (cm)	91.11 ± 10.66	92.35 ± 9.61	0.186	88.68 ± 8.33	88.49 ± 8.10	0.736
SBP (mmHg)	137.00 ± 13.00	133.00 ± 16.00	0.107	136.00 ± 16.00	130.00 ± 14.00	0.005
DBP (mmHg)	81.00 (76.00, 86.00)	80.00 (76.00, 85.00)	0.587	81.00 (73.00, 85.00)	77.00 (71.00, 82.00)	0.089
TC (mmol/L)	4.97 ± 1.18	4.82 ± 1.06	0.386	4.93 ± 0.90	4.97 ± 1.08	0.781
TG (mmol/L)	1.63 (1.10, 2.25)	1.55 (1.02, 2.18)	0.636	1.33 (0.95, 2.10)	1.19 (0.89, 1.53)	0.025
HDL-c (mmol/L)	1.09 (0.96, 1.35)	1.14 (0.95, 1.30)	0.881	1.17 (1.03, 1.46)	1.15 (0.97, 1.33)	0.089
LDL-c (mmol/L)	2.89 ± 0.99	2.76 ± 0.83	0.345	2.94 ± 0.76	3.00 ± 0.85	0.552
FPG (mmol/L)	9.91 (8.79, 12.16)	8.28 (7.29, 9.76)	< 0.001	10.29 (8.88, 12.14)	8.71 (7.49, 10.42)	0.003
2-h PG (mmol/L)	20.03 ± 3.31	15.48 ± 3.53	< 0.001	20.37 ± 3.72	11.60 ± 3.75	< 0.001
HbA1c (%)	8.40 (7.70, 9.00)	7.50 (7.00, 8.10)	< 0.001	8.50 (7.80, 9.10)	7.50 (7.00, 8.10)	< 0.001

Data are expressed as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range)

Abbreviations: BMI Body mass index, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, TC Total cholesterol, TG Triglycerides, HDL-c High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-c Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, FPG Fasting plasma glucose, 2-h PG 2-h postprandial plasma glucose, HbA1c Glycated hemoglobin A1c