Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of the participants of M1 and M2 subgroups
| M1 (N = 26) | M2 (N = 25) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Endpoint | P | Baseline | Endpoint | P | |
| Sex (male/female) | 16/10 | – | – | 12/13 | – | – |
| Age (year) | 60.00 (55.00, 62.00) | – | – | 62.00 (49.00, 67.00) | – | – |
| Diabetes duration (year) | 14.00 (10.00, 17.00) | – | – | 13.00 (10.00, 16.00) | – | – |
| Body weight (kg) | 75.34 ± 10.15 | 75.10 ± 10.20 | 0.685 | 72.88 ± 10.35 | 72.14 ± 10.06 | 0.072 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.63 ± 3.10 | 26.55 ± 3.24 | 0.716 | 26.11 ± 2.50 | 25.85 ± 2.35 | 0.094 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 91.44 ± 9.55 | 92.46 ± 7.65 | 0.473 | 90.76 ± 11.90 | 92.24 ± 11.46 | 0.243 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 137.00 ± 12.00 | 131.00 ± 15.00 | 0.092 | 138.00 ± 15.00 | 136.00 ± 16.00 | 0.608 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 80.00 ± 6.00 | 80.00 ± 7.00 | 0.980 | 82.00 ± 7.00 | 81.00 ± 8.00 | 0.305 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.80 ± 1.00 | 4.68 ± 1.10 | 0.587 | 5.14 ± 1.33 | 4.97 ± 1.02 | 0.510 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.90 (1.28, 3.03) | 1.58 (1.07, 2.50) | 0.041 | 1.26 (0.79, 1.82) * | 1.55 (1.01, 1.94) | 0.087 |
| HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.04 (0.92, 1.21) | 1.13 (0.89, 1.25) | 0.096 | 1.14 (1.00, 1.54) * | 1.22 (0.99, 1.35) | 0.277 |
| LDL-c (mmol/L) | 2.62 ± 0.78 | 2.69 ± 0.93 | 0.683 | 3.17 ± 1.12 | 2.83 ± 0.72 | 0.121 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 9.91 (9.08, 12.22) | 8.18 (6.82, 10.36) | 0.001 | 10.25 (8.49, 11.96) | 8.28 (7.46, 9.61) | 0.001 |
| 2-h PG (mmol/L) | 18.74 (17.55, 21.06) | 14.52 (12.67, 18.18) | < 0.001 | 20.36 (18.06, 22.72) | 16.09 (14.64, 17.57) | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.20 ± 0.70 | 7.50 ± 0.60 | < 0.001 | 8.60 ± 0.90 | 7.60 ± 0.80 | < 0.001 |
| GDF15 (pg/mL) | 983.05 (694.70, 1324.85) | 1040.65 (853.75, 1333.93) | 0.016 | 897.40 (769.90, 1171.30) | 1559.70 (1247.35, 2416.00) ** | < 0.001 |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range)
M1 subgroup, ΔGDF15 ≤ 338.50 pg/mL; M2 subgroup, ΔGDF15 > 338.50 pg/mL
Compared to M1 group: *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01
Abbreviations: BMI Body mass index, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure; TC Total cholesterol, TG Triglycerides, HDL-c High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-c Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FPG Fasting plasma glucose, 2-h PG 2-h postprandial plasma glucose, HbA1c Glycated hemoglobin A1c, GDF15 Growth differentiation factor 15