Figure 2.
Molecular mechanisms of anti-cancer effects of milk thistle and its constituents
Bax: Bcl-2-associated X protein; Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2; COX-2: cyclooxygenase-2; EGFR: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor; ERK1/2: extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 and -2; G0/G1: gap1/gap2; G1/S: gap1/synthesis; G2M: gap2/mitosis; NF-κB: nuclear factor-kappa B; PKB: protein kinase B; Rb: retinoblastoma; S-phase: synthesis-phase; STAT3: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; UVB: ultraviolet B