Table 2.
Model estimates of the associations of school food and drink availability (frequency) and the school neighbourhood food environment (count of total food outlets within 1 km and 5 km), as well as their interaction, with corresponding student intake frequency (times/d) of fruits and vegetables (FV), snacks, and soda
| FV intake (times/d) | Snacks intake (≥ 1 time/d)† | Soda intake (≥ 1 time/d) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent variables | β | 95 % Cl | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI |
| Model 1: 1 km school food environment | ||||||
| School availability‡ | 0·15 | 0·002, 0·29* | 1·01 | 0·94, 1·08 | 1·03 | 0·87, 1·22 |
| All food outlets | 0·02 | –0·02, 0·07 | 1·00 | 0·99, 1·01 | 1·00 | 0·99, 1·01 |
| School availability × All food outlets | −0·004 | –0·01, 0·002 | 1·00 | 1·00, 1·01 | 1·00 | 0·99, 1·01 |
| Model 2: 5 km school food environment | ||||||
| School availability | 0·17 | 0·02, 0·31* | 1·02 | 0·95, 1·09 | 1·04 | 0·88, 1·23 |
| All food outlets | 0·002 | 0·0002, 0·004* | 1·00 | 0·99, 1·01 | 1·00 | 0·99, 1·01 |
| School availability × All food outlets | −0·0004 | –0·001, –0·0001* | 1·00 | 1·00, 1·00 | 1·00 | 1·00, 1·01 |
Linear (FV intake) and logistic (snack and soda intake) mixed models were used to calculate estimates.
Models adjusted for race/ethnicity (ref = White), parent education (ref = high school or less), family affluence (ref = low affluence), neighbourhood land use mix, neighbourhood population density and neighbourhood poverty rate.
P < 0·05.
Snack intake measured at wave 2; all others measured at wave 1 (baseline).
School availability of the food group corresponding to the outcome variable (e.g. school fruit and vegetable availability with student fruit and vegetable intake frequency). FV availability score ranges from 0 (no fruits, vegetables or 100 % fruit juice offered any day) to 6 (fruits, vegetables and 100 % fruit juice offered every day); snacks availability score ranges from 0 (no chocolate and candy, salty snacks or sweet snacks offered any day) to 6 (chocolate and candy, salty snacks and sweet snacks offered every day); soda availability score ranges from 0 (no soda offered any day) to 2 (soda offered every day).