Table 1.
Abnormal cargo expressed in EVs that serve as biomarkers to signal the onset and progression of different CVD pathologies.
| Cargo | Disease Biomarker | Ref |
|---|---|---|
| Angiopoietin 1 | Acue Myocardial Infarction | [40] |
| C5a | Atherosclerosis, Acute Coronary Syndrome | [41] |
| CD14 | Ischemic Heart Disease, Heart Failure, Myocardial Ischemia | [42-44] |
| circRNA | Myocardial damage | [45] |
| Cystatin C | Systemic Hypertension, Heart Failure, Coronary Artery Disease, Myocardial Ischemia, Unstable Angina | [42-44,46,47] |
| miR-1 | Acute Myocardial Infarction | [33] |
| miR-133a | Acute Myocardial Infarction | [33] |
| miR-133b | Acute Myocardial Infarction | [33] |
| miR-199a | Coronary Artery Disease, Atherosclerosis | [48] |
| miR-499-5p | Acute Myocardial Infarction | [33] |
| Placental growth factor | Acute Myocardial Infarction | [40] |
| Plasminogen | Atherosclerosis, Myocardial Ischemia | [47,49] |
| Platelet-derived growth factor | Acute Myocardial Infarction | [40] |
| Polygenic immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) | Acute Coronary Syndrome | [41] |
| Serpin F2 | Heart Failure, Myocardial Ischemia | [43,44] |
| Serpin G1 | Heart Failure, Myocardial Ischemia | [44] |
| SRC | Coronary Artery Disease | [40] |
| TACE/ADAM17 | Atherosclerosis | [36] |
| von Willebrand factor (VWF) | Atherosclerosis | [49] |