Figure 2.

QuanTAV morphology measures detect differences in vessel shape on pre-treatment breast MRI and lung CT predictive of outcome following treatment including chemotherapy. Top: Elevated vessel torsion is associated with non-response to anthracycline-based chemotherapy in breast cancer (BRCA-ACT). a) maximum intensity projections of pre-treatment DCE-MRI subtraction images for patients who did (left) and did not (right) experience pathologic response following BRCA-ACT. b) Vessel torsion on pre-treatment dynamic MRI distinguishes non-responders and complete responders. For each discrete vascular branch, all corresponding voxels within the branch are shaded according to the torsion value of the branch. The vasculature of patients who do not respond (left) exhibit elevated torsion, indicating vessels that twist back on themselves and are more convoluted in shape. Conversely, patients who achieve pathologic response exhibit less tortuous vasculature that transports blood more directly towards the tumor or throughout the breast. Bottom, c) Curvature across vessels on pre-treatment CT differs between NSCLC patients who will (right) and will not (left) recur following neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgery (NSCLC-TRI). Vessel center-lines are shaded according to local curvature, computed for every set of three adjacent points along a vessel. Elevated standard deviation of curvature was associated with recurrence following NSCLC-TRI, visible as regions of local bends and twists along the length of a vessel (right). Responsive patients, in contrast, were surrounded by vessels with fewer of these micro-deviations.