Table 4.

Association of Heart Failure Clinic Visit with Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy Initiation in the First Year After HFrEF Diagnosis

Effect (hazard ratio, 95% CI)	Beta blocker	HF beta blocker	ACEi/ARB/ARNI	MRA
HF clinic, unadjusted	1.49 (1.12–1.97)	2.56 (2.01–3.28)	1.82 (1.37–2.43)	2.50 (1.76–3.57)
HF clinic, adjusted*	1.54 (1.15–2.06)	2.49 (1.95–3.20)	1.97 (1.46–2.65)	2.14 (1.49–3.08)

ACEi/ARB/ARNI= angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/ angiotensin receptor blocker/ angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor; CI= confidence interval; HF= heart failure; MRA= mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist

^*Adjusted for age, body mass index, sex, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, estimated glomerular filtration rate, ejection fraction, inpatient diagnosis of HF